A study of strategies used by translators examines the effects of age, context, and methods of learning the first and second languages on the type of strategy chosen. (MSE)

Methods from Item Response Theory were used to assess the degree to which a French-Canadian translation of the Job Descriptive Index, a job satisfaction inventory, provided measurement equivalence across source and target languages and cultures. The procedures were found to be applicable to cross-language research. (Author/LHW)

Describes problems faced by late medieval libraries during period of transition from the manuscript to the printed book. A translation of a manual created for a Swiss monastery circa 1520 provides information on librarian's duties, arrangement of the library, procedures for inventorying and cataloging, circulation, and public services. (31…

Presents data on the translation, reliability, concurrent validity, and norms of the Spanish, Hebrew, and Chinese versions of three equivalent forms of the Depression Adjective Check Lists, compared with the English version. Reliability estimates for the four versions were quite similar in magnitude. (NRB)

Describes a technique used in an English composition course to encourage student experimentation with different language choices. The students are given a Chinese poem, along with a romanized pronunciation and dictionary translation of each character. They are then instructed to write a few sentences in English conveying the poem's message. (SED)

Describes a study which sought to determine whether memory for input language is affected by proficiency in the nondominant language. The subjects were native Hebrew speakers with varying degrees of proficiency in English. Basic and advanced subjects did not score higher with input in their dominant language. (SED)

Recommends use of entries from the information retrieval diary of Ted Crump, expert technical translator at the National Institute of Health, in the construction of computer models showing how expert translators solve problems of ambiguity in language. Expert and inexpert translation systems, eponyms, abbreviations, and alphabetic solutions are…

The logic of the Japanese language, which differs considerably from that of most Western languages, requires that much analysis be done by the translation process to properly assimilate the intended message. Further research into this is needed to improve both the translation process and training in translation. (MSE)

Considers question of appropriate translation of English gerund into Spanish. While English has two distinct constructions, the gerund and the clause (tensed or infinitive), Spanish has both types of clauses but no comparable use of the gerund. Suggests that English gerund be translated into Spanish not by a bare clause, but instead by the…

The career option of translation and/or interpretation is described. The history of the occupations, potential employers and salaries, the work done, training and places it is given, and the demand for different languages are discussed. (RM)

The purpose of this paper is to give evidence for the thesis that if teachers using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument have the questionnaire items translated from one language into another, they cannot assume that the translated items are valid simply because they were translated. Even if the original questionnaire items were…

Data from a 50-item translated test used for certification were used to assess the percentage and type of agreement between the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) and Differential Functioning of Items and Tests (DFIT) techniques for the detection of differential item functioning (DIF). The DFIT procedure flagged 10 of 30 items as exhibiting significant DIF…

Presented at "Translation 73," a conference on the present state of literary translation, Columbia University, March 30, 1973. (DD)