The Open University has been undertaking an extended initiative to improve student retention through enhanced support for at-risk students. This initiative has evolved through a series of stages from ad hoc small scale local interventions relying largely on tutors and student self-referral, to an institution-wide pro-active system implemented by…

This article advocates an approach to supporting students who experience difficulties in learning, irrespective of nosology, particularly in the key areas of literacy and numeracy. In the state of Queensland, Australia, a distinction has been made between students' experiencing learning difficulties and those who have learning disabilities (LD).…

The paper examines the influence of behaviourism on vocational education and training in Britain in the period between the Second World War and the mid-1970s. By the 1970s, behaviourism provided deeply-rooted underlying curricular and pedagogic principles that were widely accepted by VET professionals in the UK. Insofar as behaviourist ideas were…

The purpose of this article is to present a classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) model successfully implemented with children who are deaf. Classwide peer tutoring is relatively easy to implement and is both teacher- and student-friendly. A large and growing body of professional literature documents the effectiveness of systematic peer tutoring models.…

Intelligent tutoring systems are highly interactive learning environments that have been shown to improve upon typical classroom instruction. Cognitive Tutors are a type of intelligent tutor based on cognitive psychology theory of problem solving and learning. Cognitive Tutors provide a rich problem-solving environment with tutorial guidance in…

A model of the interface design process is proposed that makes use of two interdependent levels of cognitive analysis: the study of the criterion task through an analysis of expert/novice differences and the evaluation of the working user interface design through the application of a practical interface analysis methodology (GOMS model). This dual…

For an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) to earn its "I", it must be able to (1) accurately diagnose students' knowledge structures, skills, and/or learning styles using principles, rather than pre-programmed responses, to decide what to do next; and (2) adapt instruction accordingly. While some maintain that remediation actually…

One-to-one tutoring programs, such as peer and cross-age tutoring, can result in emotional and learning benefits for the tutor and the tutee. Peer tutoring involves two students of the same age. In cross-age tutoring, the tutor is older than the tutee. The Willamette High School Peer Tutoring Program in Eugene, Oregon; the Coca-Cola Valued Youth…

Written to accompany a videotape, the handbook is presented as a guide for school psychologists on peer tutoring in the regular classroom. A general overview of the peer tutoring process (including selecting and pairing students, supervising the process, and scheduling and feedback) is presented, followed by basic steps in developing a tutoring…

Two manuals address self-advocacy and assertiveness training for college students with language learning disabilities (LD) and their tutors. Part I examines the positive use of assertiveness and self-advocacy. Assertiveness is distinguished from aggressiveness, and the importance of assertiveness in the lives of LD college students is underlined.…

A teacher managed peer tutoring package was evaluated for its effects on the instructional performance of 12 behavior disordered adolescents. Tests of learner spelling performance revealed that learner performance on daily spelling tests increased considerably when intervention in the form of peer instruction occurred. After teachers were…

This resource catalog is intended for the use of teachers and school administrators looking for an effective program using tutors to teach basic reading skills. The characteristics, objectives, and planning of such a program are discussed. Program focus, grade level, and components are described. Resources and references available on tutoring are…

A writing lab director's rationale for the development and use of a tutors' handbook emphasizes its function as a time-saver for all those involved in the lab and as a morale builder for the tutors. The handbook relates information about the paperwork involved in the lab and about the definition, purpose, and advantages of tutoring. Other benefits…