Findings support the hypothesis that, at least with elementary age educable mentally retarded children, large effects of elaboration instruction on recall are not found when the learner is not permitted to overtly verbalize his elaborations. (Authors)

Discusses problems in establishing a nursing science theory and which are related to the utilization of basic science theory in professional research and study. (Author/RK)

This study examined teacher perceptions of student role and the significance of these perceptions in classroom verbal interaction. (JC)

Three studies of the 4-year-old's ability to adjust to a listener are reported. Tape recordings were made of conversations with a 2-year-old, peers, and adults. Results revealed that the younger the listener, the greater the tendency for the 4-year-old to use short, simple utterances and to make efforts to attract and sustain attention. (ST)

Study compared patterns of teachers' verbal explanations of physics problems with patterns of scientific explanations evident in philosophical literature. Fourteen high school physics teachers were observed in micro-teaching situations and all verbal utterances analyzed. Results showed that constructs and lecturing are the most frequently used…

Detailed analysis of the reactions to training and of the verbal regulation of behavior scores of subjects from a remote Indian reserve showed that the low IQ of this group resulted from an underdevelopment of reflective verbal thought, but not from a biologically determined inadequacy. (Authors)

Both 4- and 7-year-old children readily reformulated their initial messages when explicitly requested to do so by the listener, and both failed to reformulate when confronted only with nonverbal, facial expressions of listener noncomprehension. (Authors)

Teacher uses a sales technique approach to develop public speaking confidence in his pupils. (RK)

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first conclusive demonstration that an observer's spontaneous verbalizations can interfere with vicarious rule learning. (Authors)

An understanding of the meaning of words used by people through the centuries reveals much about the history of the time examined. The study of language provides archival resources to man's development. (JB)

Inquiry focuses on the language by which children describe various altered bodily states in order to communicate them to others. Parts II and III of this study are PS 502 000 and PS 502 002. (Authors/MB)

One of a series of studies of how children come to name their feelings. Parts I and II are PS 501 987 and PS 502 000. (MB)