Cognitive style is a potentially rich, but typically overlooked, source of individualization in computer based instruction (CBI). Using information about learners' cognitive styles in the design, development, and evaluation phases of CBI production can maximize individualization. In the design phase, for example, learners' cognitive styles can be…

The extent to which sex differences on a mental rotation test were related to ocular dominance, handedness, and familial handedness was explored. The Vandenberg revision of the Shepard-Metzlar mental rotation test was administered to 206 college students. The test consisted of 20 criterion figures, each followed by two correct and two incorrect…

A study was conducted to determine if there was a relationship between the cognitive styles of learners and their ability to correctly identify previously seen pictorial materials presented in color or black and white. Fifty-three third and fourth grade students from the Pittsburgh Public School System served as subjects for the study. Testing…

Aptitude-treatment interaction was used to determine if learners with a preference for a holistic learning style (as opposed to a serialist learning style) learn more effectively with non-linear, rather than linear, instructional materials. One hundred and fifty college students underwent pretesting for content familiarity with the basics of…

States that individualization in instruction can offer environments for learning where (1) the conditions for learning can be matched with the learner characteristics; (2) self-paced instruction can let students learn at their own speed; and (3) the structure can be studied, refined, and adapted to a changing student population. (MB)

The dimensions of any instructional program generally center around three variables: objectives, methods and time. Provides quadrants that include alternative instructional designs appropriate for the various sub-groups of students within the given population of a school or classroom. (Author/RK)

The use of Educational Cognitive Style Mapping (a symbolic orientation set of cultural determinants, modalities of inference, and memory) for individual students enables the educator to design and implement instructional settings based upon learner strengths. (MJB)

This study examined the hypothesis that differences in performance of impulsive and reflective children on the "20 questions" test are due to individual differences in preferred perceptual processing strategy rather than in cognitive maturity of problem-solving strategy. (Author/JMB)

Over fifteen hundred students were followed longitudinally from college entry into graduate and professional school. Relatively field independent students favored impersonal domains requiring cognitive restructuring skills (for example, sciences) and relatively field dependent students favored interpersonal domains which do not emphasize such…

Fourth and seventh grade reflective, impulsive, fast/accurate, and slow/inaccurate subjects were asked to paraphrase the meaning of ambiguous sentences and then to indicate their meaning through the selection of pictures. Results indicated that reflective children were more successful in some settings than impulsive or slow/inaccurate children.…

Individual differences in esthetic preferences in visual art is correlated in Greece as in the U.S. with food and drink preferences suggestive of liking for oral change and with a pattern of self-characterization that indicates a liking for autonomy, variety, and intellectual and perceptual challenge. (Author/AM)

Examined relationship between decision-making style and counseling expectations in volunteers with rational (N=208), intuitive (N=26), or dependent (N=13) decision-making styles. Results revealed that dependents scored significantly higher than rationals on Acceptance and Nurturance; intuitives scored significantly higher than others on…

Reviews individual coping theory and family stress theory to provide a theoretical foundation for assessing adolescent coping. Presents development and testing of an adolescent self-report coping inventory, the Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences. Gender differences in coping styles are discussed. (Author/NB)

Factors providing rewards for principals and their importance in the development of instructional leadership are discussed. The understanding of individual learning styles is also stressed as an important component in effective instructional leadership. Includes references and a diagram. (MD)

Examined relationship betwen death anxiety and cognitive/emotional responses to the threat of nuclear war in 345 college students. Results from Templer Death Anxiety Scale and questionnaire about nuclear war found death anxiety positively related to nuclear anxiety, and negligibly associated with perceptions of political efficacy and support for…