An attempt is made to explore the use of subjective probabilities in the analysis of item data, especially criterion-referenced item data. Two assumptions are implicit: (1) one wants to obtain a maximum amount of information with respect to an item using a minimum number of subjects; and (2) once the item is validated, it may well be administered…

Three hypotheses were tested in this 6-week study: a) training in systematic application of strategies designed to reinforce desirable pupil behavior would enable the teacher to develop and maintain classroom control and increase pupil learning; b) desirable pupil behavior thus produced could be transferred from one classroom to another in which…

This paper contends that human organisms are not qualitatively different from infra-human ones. The same principles apply to the acquisition, maintenance and weakening of complex verbal skills as mathematics as to rats pressing bars or pigeons pecking windows. Two aspects of child research are assessment and training. Assessment involves…

Letter-letter, letter-number, and number-letter paired associates were used in this A-B, B-C, A-C study. There were two A-C lists, the positive-transfer stimulus-items of one became the negative-transfer stimulus-items of the other, and vice versa. Twenty subjects were included and each learned one A-C list. The main effects included, among…

The experiment was designed to test the effects of covert behavior upon the verbal expression of emotional words contained in a TAT-like story. Subjects were 63 college students. The first independent variable, "self-regulation," consisted of three levels: (a) a no self-monitoring condition, (b) a self-monitoring condition, and (c) a…

Relevant variables for educational administrators in a problem solving, simulation situation were examined. The study analyzed choice selections (overt responses) and physiological activity (covert responses) as related to age, experience, and educational background. The physiological activities were defined as heart rate and galvanic skin…

One approach to the study of structures that underly receiver response to perceptual stimuli has been that of factor analysis. This method was used to study responses of 92 students at the University of Connecticut to drug abuse commercials. Responses to five anti-drug television commercials were categorized according to: (1) "relative…

Stereotyping is associated with fixed, unchanging points of view based on generalizations and results from the fact that, in his life, a person encounters many different personalities and groups about which he has little information. A stereotype reaction is not based on first-hand information about an individual, but rather on perceived cultural…

This teacher's manual attempts to prepare students to respond to any disaster by providing information about natural and manmade disasters, general strategies for preparedness, survival techniques, a rationale for effective community action, the knowledge needed to face the emotional shock of disaster, and familiarity with the roles and…

Because spatial environment plays an important role in regulating human behavior, the environmental conditions of room size, furniture arrangement and interpersonal distance were systematically varied and studied with 54 male undergraduates for their ability to influence the verbal operant conditioning of positive affective self-reference…

A primary purpose of the present study was to further investigate the effects of children upon parents in order to gain a better understanding of the interactional relationship between parents and children. Subjects were 42 middle and upper-middle class parents and their daughters. Mothers and fathers were first observed separately with their…

It was hypothesized that source esteem would be effective in mediating target compliance when the source uses threats as an influence tactic, particularly if esteemed individuals maintain a facade of truthfulness, because threat credibility would then be overestimated. Threats from a low esteemed source would have lower credibility and lead to…

Psysiological and behavioral indices of emotional arousal and mood during performance in a simulation game were investigated. The hypotheses tested were: (1) there will be attitude change following participation in the social simulation game, Ghetto; (2) this change in attitude will be related to the players' emotional involvement in the game as…

Seventy-two sixth graders, stratified on the basis of sex and two levels of IQ (high and low) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) Group I (success only); (2) Group II (failure only); and (3) Group III (success and failure). These subjects (Ss) were used to investigate the effects of verbally controlled success and failure…

The main purpose of the research was to make a comparative study of: (1) trial-and-error learning, in which a subject performs and is provided with knowledge of results; and (2) observational learning, in which a subject either observes the performance of another subject or is otherwise provided with equivalent information as to the correctness…