Item bias, when present in a multiple-choice test, can be detected by appropriate analyses of the persons x items scoring matrix. Five related schemes for the statistical analysis of bias were applied to a widely used, primary skills multiple-choice test which was administered in either its English- or Spanish-language version at each of the two…

A course in written translation at the University of Northern Iowa is described. The prerequisite for enrollment is successful completion of advanced third-year composition. Students are permitted to take the course more than once. Course materials include scholarly essays, "how to" articles, light reading from magazines, news items, editorials,…

A reader on the Cape Verdean and Portuguese experience in the United States is presented. The materials are designed for secondary school and college ethnic studies programs. The main body of the materials consists of four stories that have been translated and partially modified into English. Suggestions for discussion, individual projects, and…

LANGUAGES SHOW CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY IN WHICH THEY ORGANIZE OBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE AND THESE DIFFERENCES ARE REFLECTED IN THE FORMAL AND SEMANTIC PATTERNING OF EACH LANGUAGE. A CONTRASTIVE APPROACH TO LANGUAGE LEARNING WHICH PAYS PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO POINTS OF FORMAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF THE NATIVE…

THIS IS THE FIRST OF THREE VOLUMES WRITTEN TO TEACH THE 881 ESSENTIAL OR "EDUCATION" CHARACTERS TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING STUDENTS OF JAPANESE. THE AUTHORS ASSUME THAT THE STUDENTS HAVE ALREADY LEARNED THE HIRAGANA AND KATAKANA SYLLABARIES AND HAVE A BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF JAPANESE GRAMMAR. ORTHOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS USED FOLLOW CLOSELY THOSE…

BOOK 2 OF THIS THREE-VOLUME SERIES IS MADE UP OF 35 TEXT LESSONS AND DRILL SENTENCES FOR EACH LESSON, AS WELL AS A SHORT SECTION OF KANA EXERCISES. EACH LESSON INTRODUCES ABOUT 25 NEW CHARACTERS AND INDEXES THEM TO TWO STANDARD JAPANESE WRITING REFERENCE BOOKS (SAKADE'S "A GUIDE TO READING AND WRITING JAPANESE" AND SEKI AND TOYAMA'S…

INTENDED FOR USE WITH BOOKS 1 AND 2 OF THIS MANUAL, THIS VOLUME LISTS AND INDEXES THE 881 JAPANESE "EDUCATION CHARACTERS" PRESENTED IN THE TEXT LESSONS. THE CHARACTERS (KANJI) ARE LISTED IN ORDER AS THEY APPEAR IN THE LESSONS AND EACH CHARACTER IS GIVEN SEVERAL NUMBERS--THE NUMBER USED BY THE EDUCATION MINISTRY IN ITS GRADED LIST FOR…

IN THE LAST 20 YEARS, SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE LEARNING, RESEARCH IN STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS, AND NEWLY-DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY HAVE BROUGHT ABOUT REVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN LANGUAGE-TEACHING METHODS. TO ACHIEVE AN IDEAL METHOD, THE POSSIBILITIES INHERENT IN THIS PROGRESS MUST BE EMPLOYED, AND THE…

BASED ON A LECTURE GIVEN AT THE UNIV. OF TEXAS SCIENCE CONFERENCE, NOV. 20, 1964, THIS PAPER PRESENTS IN RELATIVELY NON-TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY A DESCRIPTION OF THE "STRUCTURAL" APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE WHICH UNDERLIES THE WORK OF THE LINGUISTICS RESEARCH CENTER. THIS APPROACH ANALYZES LANGUAGE IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT CAN BE MANIPULATED WITH…

IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM FOR MECHANIZING TRANSLATION, SOME PROBLEMS WOULD REMAIN EVEN WHEN THE MORPHEMES AND GRAMMATICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED ARE REASONABLY EQUIVALENT IN THE TWO LANGUAGES. EQUIVALENT GRAMMATICAL RELATION HAS TO BE DEFINED BECAUSE IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES AMONG SENTENCES ARE FOUND MORE OFTEN IN THEIR DEEP STRUCTURE…

CONVENTIONS FOR CLASSICAL JAPANESE HAIKU USUALLY INCLUDE--17 JAPANESE SYLLABLES IN A 5-7-5 LINE PATTERN, AND SOME SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO AN ASPECT OF NATURE AND TO A PARTICULAR EVENT, PRESENTED AS IF IT WERE HAPPENING IN THE IMMEDIATE PRESENT TO ALLOW THE READER TO EXPERIENCE THE POET'S EMOTION. HAIKU IN ENGLISH, A FORM OF POETRY WHICH HAS BECOME…

This text in basic Swahili structure was originally written in East Africa as a teacher's guide and student's reference and was used as a basis for a course taught largely orally (with the teacher using drills he had prepared himself). The author suggests that although it is not a "linguist's book," it should prove useful to those who are teaching…

The "Romanian Basic Course," consisting of 89 lesson units in eight volumes, is designed to train native English language speakers to Level 3 proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing Romanian (based on a 1-5 scale in which Level 5 is native speaker proficiency). Volume 1, which introduces basic sentences in dialog…

This is an analysis of the linguistic problems posed by vocabulary instruction in an introductory English course. Three criteria should govern any method chosen for the teaching of vocabulary in an introductory course in English as a second language: (1) semantic relations within the lexicon; (2) vocabulary progression independent of grammar and…

More than forty articles originally published in "The Horn Book Magazine" between 1968 and 1977 are grouped into eleven topical sections in this volume. The sections deal with the status, classification, and evaluation of children's literature; conflicting standards on which children's books are judged; fantasy, humor, and current trends in…