Analyzes four types of repair activity in the foreign language classroom. A distinction is made according to whether the trouble source is produced by a teacher or a learner. Findings show that different preferences for repair patterns vary with the type of classroom activity (language-centered or content-centered). (Author/SED)

Preschool children reasoned and made judgments about stories that varied in dimensions previously found to be associated with judgments in two social-cognitive domains, moral and conventional, to examine types of information that produce differentiated judgments in young children. (Author/DST)

Distress in response to brief maternal separations was examined in a sample of 93 predominantly home-reared infants using the Ainsworth strange situation paradigm. At 18 months, the age when separation protests begin to decline, securely attached infants are better able than anxiously attached infants to tolerate maternal separations. (Author/RH)

The effect on test scores of changing answers to multiple-choice questions was studied and compared to earlier research. The current setting was a nationally administered, in-training, specialty examination for medical residents in obstetrics and gynecology. Both low and high scorers improved their scores when they changed answers. (SW)

Examination of preschoolers' stereotypes about sex differences in emotionality found that although this group consistently associated fear with females, gender attribution was situation-specific for anger and happiness. In explaining attributions, girls made greater use of sex-role and imagery categories than boys, and younger children gave more…

Summarizes the knowledge acquired from the reading research reported in "Becoming a Nation of Readers" and draws implications for reading instruction. (HOD)

Reports and discusses results of a survey of French students in Middlebury College's summer language school concerning their knowledge about and interest in French newpapers and magazines and data on the circulation and readership of those publications, with emphasis on the importance of regional newspapers. (MSE)

Observed in group day care settings, responses to distress in peers were examined in 10 abused toddlers and 10 matched controls from families experiencing stress. Early development of "abusive" behavior patterns in toddlers who have been subjected to physical abuse and later behavior of abused individuals as parents are discussed in relation to…

Describes the basic components of Iser's theory, then suggests ways to get students to interact with texts. (FL)

It is hypothesized that the readers of an essay respond to a variable in terms of its context with other variables. Sex, race, reader expectation, and quality of handwriting were crossed to study their interaction effects. Results showed complex interactions of expectations, writing, and sex within race. (Author/LMO)

Noncompliant behavior of a severely multihandicapped six-year-old boy was modified through systematic manipulations of an instructional antecedent. Increasing the density of instructional commands and reinforcing discrete compliant responses was found to be the most effective treatment package for controlling behavior. (Author/ABB)

Reviews the oral tradition and suggests that by drawing on the long tradition of stories in all cultures, fiction can be crucial in the extension of understanding of imaginative experience, of values and attitudes, and of real learning for all children. (HOD)

It is argued that the tendency to omit items is a deviant response characteristic. Three studies using a self-actualization measure are outlined. Persons who omitted items did so because of fatigue, confusion with some items, unpreparedness to disclose information, and/or because they may not trust the researcher with certain information.…

Describes the promotion and public relations campaign and sale of commercial time by the American Broadcasting Corporation for "The Day After," a movie depicting nuclear holocaust, and discusses Nielsen Company findings and a J. Walter Thompson USA audience analysis and reaction survey regarding the program and its advertisers. (MBR)

Describes a study of the relationship between the play styles of 2- to 3-year-olds and the types of social reactions they receive. Reports that gender is one significant determinant: high activity level in girls received few positive reactions from either peers or teachers, and traditional sex-role behaviors elicited more positive responses. (KH)