This investigation provided empirical data and addressed theoretical issues regarding the Educational Set Scale (ESS) and theory. An expanded model is proposed and directions for future research are suggested. (Author/GK)

Implications of social psychological theory and research, particularly in the area of social influence, are examined to provide a theoretical foundation for cross-age tutoring programs. Areas discussed include the effectiveness of various bases of social influence and the effects of tutoring programs on students, tutors, and teachers. (Author/SJL)

Reviews learning patterns of Black children and problems they encounter within the educational system. Author confirms that these children are eager to learn but teachers and classroom environments are unable to meet their individual needs. (Author/JLF)

Rather than seeing the "self-selection" factor in private school enrollment as a flaw in Coleman's study, the author views this element of private choice and commitment to learning as the key to effective education and discipline. One of three theme articles: "Reflections on the 1981 Coleman study."(SJL)

A number of individualized approaches to student learning are reviewed: Keller plan, refined linear model, variable route model, modular learning model, and independent study. Each successive approach offers students an increasingly wider degree of choice to determine goals and the means of achieving them. (Author/MLW)

A principle component analysis with oblique rotation of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children revealed five cognitive/worry-oriented factors and two emotional/somatic-oriented factors, using data from 849 fifth graders. Achievement motives, future time orientation, and ability were the most important factors, whereas instrumentality revealed itself…

Efforts directed to emphasizing problem solving and using the immediate environment to create problem situations are described. Teachers are urged to incorporate problem-solving activities in their instruction. (MP)

The results of six studies investigating the effects of different teaching methods on undergraduate student involvement in classroom learning are discussed. An interpretation of the data suggests that supportive teacher behaviors which satisfy safety needs are directly related to student participation. (JN)

Describes a program that provides educational rehabilitation in a therapeutic setting using Adult Basic Education/General Education Development classes. Data indicated that students who completed six months of training in this program raised their academic achievement level by seven grade levels in math and by five grade levels in English. (Author)

Reviews the advantages and disadvantages of both enrichment and acceleration programs for the intellectually gifted. Concludes that acceleration is a better option for many students. (Author)

Presents a review of techniques for dealing with consultee resistance. Suggests the social psychological theory of reactance is a useful conceptual framework for considering resistance in consultation. Discusses examples of its application, variables that predict the likely effectiveness of a reactance utilization intervention, and ethical issues.…

Presents skills for teaching the elderly subculture. Three specific problem areas are explored: (1) motivational strategies; (2) suggestions for dealing with the physical problems one may encounter in the learning situation; and (3) the practical factors involved in planning for and carrying out instruction. (Author/RC)

Suggests several ways to humanize middle school mathematics: telling anecdotes about famous mathematicians, capitalizing on student insights, taking the fear out of making mistakes, and using a variety of learning experiences. (Author/SJL)

Reviews four current approaches to play behavior of young children and concludes that using forms of play such as puppets and body action movements to rehearse story content is effective in aiding aural language comprehension and recall in young children. (FL)

Reports that praise and extrinsic reinforcers, such as candy, increased the rate of letter recognition in preschool children and that the increase was partially maintained when the reinforcement was removed. (FL)