Purpose of this study was to explore the effects of stress produced by recitation strategies on retention for learners who differ in their response to anxiety. (Authors)

A theoretical framework stemming from the evolutionary psychology of Herbert Spencer, along with two experiments with young children as subjects, are presented. (Authors)

Reports investigation of modal personality of a colonial people evolving toward independence--Phase I of a longitudinal study of behavioral adaptation to sociopolitical change. Comparative data from Thailand and the Philippines are also presented. (RJ)

Results indicated that verb emission increased significantly across time for experimental group subjects as compared with control groups subjects when the operant level procedure was omitted. (Author)

Report offers several working definitions of the process of critical thinking, then describes several ERIC documents dealing with ways of teaching critical thinking in general on the secondary level, and finally points to some aspects of learning about literature and language that involve critical thinking skills. (Author)

Experiments conducted to test theoretical formulations in verbal learning which have suggested a strategy for teaching a vocabulary list of foreign plus English word pairs. (MB)

Shortened and revised form of an address presented in July 1971 at the Third International Conference of Teachers of German (3. Internationale Deutschlehrertagung) in Salzburg, Austria. (RS)

Two studies are reported: (1) the growth and change, from age 2 to 3, in certain aspects of attachment to mother and stranger-fear among a group of American children, and (2) a cross-sectional study of a group of 2 1/2 year-old kibbutz-reared Israeli children. (Authors/MB)

In this comment a recent attempt by Samuel A. Livingston to develop a theory of reliability for criterion-referenced measures is critiqued. For Livingston's rejoinder see TM 500 560. (Authors/MB)

An attempt to identify instructional methods based on the "urban Negro Child's interest in concrete and motoric experiences which will help him acquire basic skills and assist him in discovering and responding to sensory experiences. (Author)