The linguistic relativity hypothesis has focused on the influence of grammar in language on speakers' cognition. Previous studies show that speakers of languages with grammatical number (e.g., English) are more aware of the number of objects. Additionally, recent studies reveal that bilinguals who speak languages with different grammatical…

In the swiftly evolving landscape of education, the fusion of Artificial Intelligence's ingenuity with the dynamic capabilities of chat-bot technology has ignited a transformative paradigm shift. This convergence is not merely a technological integration but a profound reshaping of the fundamental principles of pedagogy, fundamentally redefining…

This qualitative case study aimed to examine pre-service teachers' and teacher educators' interactions during their English grammar lessons via the WhatsApp platform. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) model was employed to categorize the WhatsApp interactions based on social, cognitive and teacher presences. Participants wrote their reflections for…

Universities are increasingly facing disruptions from political crises, natural disasters and public health emergencies, prompting a shift to emergency online teaching. It is different to normal online teaching as students may lose access to campus, community/society or even hosting countries. This qualitative study investigated the adaptability…

Background: Family involvement in youth care and special education is referred to as family-centered practice (FCP). Research on FCP, for example in relation to the effectiveness of youth care and special education, is challenged by a lack of validated instruments that measure youth professionals' family-centered attitudes and actions that is…

When researchers code behavior that is undetectable or falls outside of the validated ordinal scale, the resultant outcomes often suffer from informative missingness. Incorrect analysis of such data can lead to biased arguments around efficacy and effectiveness in the context of experimental and intervention research. Here, we detail a new…

Relevance interventions have shown a great potential to foster motivation and achievement (Lazowski & Hulleman, 2016). Yet, further research is warranted to test how such interventions can be successfully implemented in practice. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in ninth-grade math classrooms to test the effectiveness of a relevance…

This study reports on the results of a research program carried out to validate the C-Test amongst Afghan EFL learners. One hundred advanced English majors were administered two different language tests namely a language proficiency test (composed of listening, reading, and writing) and a C-Test composed of four different texts to measure the…

The present work describes the development of a new measure of school counselors' perceived self-efficacy regarding their knowledge of information and processes necessary to effectively guide their students through the college transition process. Researchers developed the School Counselor Efficacy for College Knowledge Questionnaire and examined…

This study aims to first investigate the effect of the extreme response style (ERS) which could lead to an attitude-achievement paradox among the countries participating in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 2015), and then to determine the individual- and country-level relationships between attitude and achievement…

Teachers have an important role in the achievement progress of students with dyslexia. Therefore, measuring teachers' knowledge and perception of dyslexia is important. Given that an instrument that measures both teachers' knowledge and perception of dyslexia is not available, this study aims to develop a scale to measure primary school teachers'…

This study aims to develop a scale that will determine the factors causing professional obsolescence in the field of education. In this context, the Professional Obsolescence Scale (POS) has been developed to determine the professional and organizational obsolescence of primary, secondary and high school administrators. In this scale development…

The lack of systematic training available for young dancers with disabilities has previously presented a barrier for those wishing to develop their skills and pursue a career in dance. Recently, a number of initiatives have launched to help bridge this gap; however, currently no established assessment measures exist that are sensitive to the needs…

Measurement limitations have hindered research on learned helplessness (LH) and mastery orientation (MO) in the classroom. We reduced the 24-item Student Behavior Checklist to a 6-item scale and tested the abbreviated measure for evidence of reliability and validity in a sample of 5th and 6th graders (N = 299). We then replicated findings in an…

Phubbing is defined as ignoring people with whom you have a face-to-face relationship to attend to smartphones. The phenomenon of phubbing particularly affects the teenage and young segments of the population. The main problem lies in the impact it has on individuals' social relationship. A lack of validated instruments to diagnose this phenomenon…