A review of pertinent literature indicates that social movements produce their leaders by transforming and transferring some followers into the roles of leadership. A case study of the recruitment of social movement leaders in Rhodesia supports this hypothesis and illustrates some of the structural factors which condition the process. (EB)

The association between an attitudinal/motivational factor and the acquisition of French oral proficiency is discussed. Eighty-nine Canadian students were satisfied with the intensive French language program while the 65 Americans were not. The sociocultural background of the student plays a major role in the development of attitudes. (PMJ)

A study examined 515 Norwegian sixth graders' scores on a future time orientation test in relation to student sex, motives, ability, and delay of gratification. Several interaction effects were revealed that suggest complex relationships between these factors and student future time orientation. (RL)

The cooperative behavior of 144 children in three groups--Cuban-Americans in either private or public schools and Anglo-Americans--decreased when task instructions emphasized individual rewards. Only the Anglo-American children, who maintained a significant level of competitiveness throughout, significantly increased their competitive behavior in…

Adult learners are a lucrative market but little has been said about the adverse impact of higher education on the lifelong learner. Misrepresenting education's benefits, making continuing professional education obligatory, and co-opting learning are areas in which adult learning may be adversely affected. (Author/JMD)

The author states that typewriting activities related to student organizations may be integrated into typewriting and other classes in which typewriting skills are needed. She cites advantages of typing in student organizations and suggests selected classroom typing activities to motivate students and also benefit student organizations. (MF)

The first step toward effective teaching is putting forth an extra effort, says the author, and this step can help vocational teachers as well as their students. An extra-effort teacher has time to talk with students, cares about them, is an adult model for them, and always strives for improvement. (MF)

An English language program at Catholic University of Sao Paulo, Brazil has sought to increase student motivation for learning communicative skills by having fourth-year students work with first year students either individually or in small groups. (SW)

Fifth- through twelfth-grade students completed a causal attribution questionnaire and were asked to choose one of three games to play. Students who attributed their own success on achievement tasks to ability, effort, or luck were more likely to prefer to perform tasks that were compatible with such beliefs. (Author/RD)

Primary and secondary teacher-trainees in Queensland were surveyed on their social origins, reasons for choosing teaching as a career, the timing of that choice, and the influence exerted by others. Results indicated that this decision results from the interplay of external influences and inner dispositions. (Author/SJL)

This article reviews recent investigations into intentionality (use of motive information) in young children's moral judgments. Intentionality has been shown to vary as a function of the vignette used to measure it. The educational implications of Piagetian theory and cognitive social learning theory for moral development are discussed.…

In helping staff adapt to inevitable organizational changes, whether in industry or school, personnel motivation and participation are necessary for institutional efficiency. The articles examines how organizations can meet human needs in planning for change, citing several studies on handling organizational change systems. (MF)

The article presents the Student Interest Unit (SIU) 0-100 (an instructional strategy based on student interest) approach to motivating gifted and talented children. (PHR)

A study was conducted to examine the changes in students' attitudes, motivation and French achievement during a five-week, residential, summer program. Sixty-two students were administered a battery of attitude and motivation tests as well as a test of oral French proficiency prior to, and upon completion of, the course. (CFM)

Reports a study that examined patterns of holding interest for physical activities in a state physical education curriculum for secondary schools. College students who had completed their entire secondary education within the state described their interests. Results indicated that interest could be differentiated into four patterns on the basis of…