This study attempted to determine whether documented stylistic differences in the way males and females modify their speech to young children results from sex typing or from differential experience with children. A 3 by 2 design was employed: sex-typing (highly masculine, highly feminine, or androgynous) by experience (high or low). Forty-one…

The role of the particle "o.k." in service encounter dialogue is discussed. A service encounter is defined as a situation of interaction between a "posted" server and a second party (a customer) who invokes the server's participation as an operator of a "serving post." It is suggested that approval or acceptance is often only part of what is being…

This document lists language arts skills that average children should be expected to acquire at each grade level from one through six. For each grade, the skills are listed in three major categories: reading skills (word recognition, comprehension strategies, critical reading, and study skills); written communication (writing and language skills);…

Described is a study in which videotape recordings of the language of 11 hearing impared children (2-4 years old) were analyzed according to 16 pragmatic and 13 semantic functions. Findings are presented for the following study aspects: reliability of coding, effects of degree of hearing loss and intervention, oral communicative behavior,…

A method is described by which cognitive structures in verbal data can be identified and categorized through numerical analysis and quantitative description. Transcriptions of interviews (in this case, the verbal statements of 40 researchers) are manually coded and subjected to analysis following the AaO (Agent action Object) paradigm. The texts…

Although the material in this booklet is specifically designed for National Park Service employees, the subjects covered apply to all oral interpretive programs. The first chapter considers researching and writing the script and music and dance in the script; chapter 2 discusses settings, including speaking positions, decor, and properties;…

Designed to introduce communicators to the factors influencing them interracial and interethnic interaction, this study attempts to explain the dynamics of interracial communication by offering descriptions of various interracial interaction situations and possible reasons for the existence of problems in interracial communication. The first…

This study was undertaken primarily to identify various approaches used by physics teachers with special note made in terms of the inquiry approach in teaching. It was carried out in fifteen micro-teaching exercises, each involving one teacher and five high school students randomly chosen from the teacher's physics class. All verbal utterances…

This study was designed to replicate and extend the work of Steffe on the effect of using different set names as variables in addition problem statements. The behavior of both first- and second-grade students was studied and the usefulness of visual aids in solving addition problems was also investigated. One-hundred twenty first- and second-grade…

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of planned classroom teacher verbal behavior and resulting classroom pupil verbal behavior on the achievement of classroom pupils in 40 selected biology classes. The verbal behavior of 20 teachers and 867 pupils was observed by the use of audio tapes and categorized with the Verbal…

This study presents a theory of oral interpretation as a communicative art. Oral interpretation is defined as a process of preparation, performance, and feedback. A descriptive model of feedback as an intrapersonal and then interpersonal communication process is developed. This process is described as containing the three subprocesses of…

The present study was conducted to determine if overt self-verbalization by the child during the waiting period would influence his delay maintenance behavior when the delayed reward was present. Subjects were 60 preschool girls in the age range of 33-72 months. Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to each of four experimental conditions: (1)…

This study focuses on the significance of specific maternal language teaching techniques in the early language development of the child. A recording was made of the verbal and nonverbal interactions in 20 mother-child dyads during a one-hour session in the home. The linguistic level for each of the children, who ranged from 1.9 to 5.0 years in…

The purpose of this study was to extend the research of the first-named author into the effect of teachers' use of conditional language on students' growth in logical thinking. Verbal behaviors of nine mathematics teachers and four social studies teachers were coded and correlated with the gain scores of their eighth-grade students on the Cornell…

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in perceptions of a black and a white female observer relative to verbal and nonverbal behaviors exhibited by black and white (male and female) teachers toward black and white (male and female) students. A study conducted by Crump (1974) provided the baseline data for comparison.…