Pragmatic epistemology of focal teacher thinking appears tightly shaped by modular connections between task domains and pragmatic organizers. Discussions with a group of language teachers identified four domains of tasks: (1) oral activities; (2) writing activities; (3) reading activities; and (4) language technique activities (grammar, spelling).…

Reading instruction for the middle school disabled reader must vary from the way it has been taught in the student's past. Experiences using theme reading, poetry, scavenger hunt instruction cards, newspapers, and trade materials which form complete thought units prevent the reading task from becoming the isolated skills instruction of the past.…

Volunteerism in Jamaica refers to voluntary work through organized public bodies and operates at two levels: (1) organized and formal; (2) non-organized and informal. The first group is made up of organized interest groups or community based groups, while those groups attract greater numbers of volunteers, they also have a higher turnover. The…

Voluntary organizations have filled the gap to provide social and community services in Ecuador in areas where government or profit-making agencies were absent. There was a proliferation of activities for the poorest sector of society in response to government neglect. Activities focused on economic and social progress through community…

As reflected in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, no articles with the term burnout in their titles were published prior to 1978. However, by 1980 the number of articles about burnout had increased dramatically in an explosion of awareness of the problem. Various writers and researchers have identified the stressors…

This digest summarizes issues raised in a research report on fund raising in higher education. The following questions are addressed: What are the changes and trends since the early days of educational fund raising? What are the implications? What is known about spending? What is known about donor behavior? What are the major ethical issues? What…

In December 1988 the Council of the European Communities adopted a directive to promote teacher mobility throughout the European Community (EC) by defining mutual qualifications. The purpose of this report is to assess the impact of the initiative on educational services. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 examines teacher recruitment…

The problem in elementary social studies education is that it is one of the least-liked subjects. This has a devastating impact on social studies, a significant facet of the school curriculum. This bibliography reviews the research and the opinions and identifies the problems, the potential harm, the correlates, and reform attempts related to…

The Miller Motivation Scale is a 160-item computer scored scale. It was developed to measure quickly and easily and display the motivational profile of the client. It has eight subscales. Five subscales measure encouragement, self-fulfillment and social interest. They are called Creative, Innovative, Productive, Cooperative, and Power. Three…

The study described in this paper is the result of a review of research projects investigating mandatory continuing education (MCE) in Florida. These studies investigated the field of nursing, only one of more than 20 professional groups for which continuing education is mandated. The study found that MCE appears to have some positive features as…

The second language learner cannot be expected to have as strong a drive to refine his language as the first language learner. In first language acquisition, cognitive development and language development occur together, which induces meaningful generalizations. In second language learning, meaning and form are separate, particularly in the…

Eight case studies appropriate for use in a course in management development were prepared and are provided in this document. The typical case describes a real business situation in which a real manager had to reach a decision. The case gives quantitative and qualitative information that is, or may be, relevant to that decision. Questions for…

Designed to give children a sense of the cultural heritage that fairy tales represent, this instructional unit was originally developed to motivate eighth-grade low-level readers and was later adapted for English as a second language classes and for a variety of elementary and secondary school learning levels. Objectives of the unit are to help…

This document includes four papers on library school and other training aspects which were presented at the 1986 conference of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). In "Meeting the Challenge of the High Tech Information Age--The Recent Development of Library and Information Science Education in the People's Republic of…

Based on the idea that drama infuses the classroom with activity, imagination, language, and powerful learning experiences, this journal offers commentary and suggestions on classroom drama practices at the elementary level. The first section argues that drama motivates self-active learning and promotes language development, learning across the…