In this response to commentaries provided on their original paper, "Beyond Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Situations, Interactions, Processes and Affordances," the authors elaborate on the aims of their conceptualization, focusing on the nature of affordances and situations. (AEF)

Presents the concept of directiveness (regarding the behavior of a consultant/tutor in a writing conference) as a continuum that can be defined in terms of particular characteristics. Examines students' and tutors' attitudes regarding the directiveness of tutors. Finds perceptions between consultants and students differed considerably on a number…

Investigates how participant expectations are enacted in tutorial conversations and in self-reported role perceptions. Considers how tutors, tutees, and course instructors perceived the tutor's role. Examines the tensions implicit in expectations they hold of the tutor's role(s), especially as they compare to those of the course instructor. (SG)

Analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of a project that used a peer group leader to help build bridges between basic writers and academic writers. Discusses the implications for the further use of peer group leaders in basic writing. (NH)

Reviews four types of effective primary-grade reading programs: schoolwide, small-group, tutoring, and software. Each of the 14 programs reviewed includes a description, effectiveness evaluation, professional development requirements, costs, and contact information. Concludes that no one program will suffice for all instructional needs. Couples…

This study examined whether the benefits of reading tutoring in first grade were moderated by children's level of attention problems. Participants were 581 children from the intervention and control samples of Fast Track, a longitudinal multisite investigation of the development and prevention of conduct problems. Standardized reading achievement…

Being a literacy coach is demanding and can meet with resistance and challenge when a clear understanding of the job's purpose, approach, and need for ongoing support are not clearly defined and understood by all parties. Ideally, a literacy coach listens and observes, then asks just the right questions to help a classroom teacher or inexperienced…

Successful inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms requires a variety of supports. This article demonstrates the role that peers can play in supporting each other. Whole-classroom strategies such as Class-Wide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) and cross-age tutoring are highlighted as methods of supporting inclusive education.…

Tutoring is an important and effective means of helping young readers and writers who are experiencing difficulties. However, little is known about what kinds of relational qualities might accompany successful tutoring or how we might identify them. To address these issues, we analyzed the reflective writings of tutors in 10 tutor-student pairs…

This article describes the developments in the assessment journey of a tutoring academic support program in a community college. The goal of our study was to determine if the Learning Center was doing what it said it was doing and what it could do to improve its services. Traditionally, the center had been evaluated on such accomplishments as…

This study focused on preservice general education teachers who were prepared to use an evidence-based teaching practice and the effects the practice had on their pupils' academic performance. Participants learned to use Juniper Gardens Children's Project's Class Wide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) program through a two-hour workshop and with in class…

Seventy-three deaf college students completed a survey examining perceptions about tutoring outcomes and emphases, characteristics of tutors, and responsibilities associated with learning through tutoring. The comparisons revealed that while baccalaureate and sub-and preparation of tutors, as well as for future research, are provided.…

Explanations are essential in the teaching process. Tracers are one possibility to provide students with explanations in an intelligent tutoring system. Their development can be divided into four steps: (a) the definition of the trace model; (b) the extraction of the information from this model; (c) the analysis and abstraction of the extracted…

At the University of Maryland we videotaped several semesters of tutorials as part of a large research project. A particular research task required us to locate examples of students calling the teaching assistants (TAs) over for assistance with a physics question. To our surprise, examples of this kind of interaction were difficult to find. We…

An extension of G. L. Cates et al. (2003) investigation was conducted to determine if students' cumulative learning rates would be superior for words read under a traditional drill and practice condition (as they were for spelling in the previous study) than under interspersal conditions of varying ratios of unknown to known words. Participants…