This military reader, prepared to be used in conjunction with the Portuguese Basic Course developed by the Defense Language Institute, contains 20 Portuguese reading selections with questions and vocabulary lists. The first five readings contain vocabulary used generally by military personnel of all the services while subsequent readings are of…

Derivations of the term "gerund" are examined as they pertain to native English speakers learning French, Italian, and/or Spanish. The form's etymology is chronicled from Latin, and its current usage in student textbooks in the three languages is examined. A solution to the terminological confusion surrounding the term is proposed. (41…

This paper looks at the degree and way in which lesser-used languages are used as expressions of identity, focusing specifically on two of Europe's lesser-used languages. The first is Irish, spoken in the Republic of Ireland and the second is Galician, spoken in the Autonomous Community of Galicia in the North-western part of Spain. The paper…

The shift from a centrally-controlled to a market-oriented economy in the early 1990s put pressure on the Romanian education system to reform both the curriculum and methods of instruction employed in primary and secondary education. At least part of the pressure to implement educational reforms came from the relatively poor performance of…

This paper analyzes patterns of code switching found in a small group of first and second generation Catalan immigrants in Mexico, and is part of a wider study on the impact of exile upon the construction of identity in the discourse of political immigrants in Latin America. With regard to the pragmatic exploitation of code switching, it argues…

These materials illustrate the ideas presented in the "Guide for Foreign Languages in Utah." Learning activities, materials, and evaluation procedures have been written to help the language teacher who has never had a methods course, as well as the experienced teacher who is searching for new ideas. The materials begin with a basic unit similar to…

These materials illustrate the concepts presented in "The Guide for Foreign Languages in Utah." Three model lessons, in elementary, intermediate, and advanced placement Spanish, are presented as a means of illustrating the practical application of the teaching goals and techniques outlined in the Utah "Course of Study for Foreign Languages." The…

This paper explores the syntactic properties, in Romanian, of one kind of subordination, namely Sentential Predicate Complementation. Some generalizations are offered concerning the relationship between the meaning and the syntactic properties of these constructions. The complement structures are isolated into groups according to verb selection:…

Grammatical transfer is used to render the values and meanings of the structures in Romanian pronouns into English. This device can be used in explaining the exact nuances of Romanian pronouns to speakers of English. In translating from English to Romanian, a special problem is presented by the pronoun "you," which in Romanian can take…

Italian pedagogical texts in general hold the position that the partitive is not obligatory as it is in French. However, some of these texts devote a great deal of time to repetition and transformation drills while others never mention the construction at all until the chapters on the pronoun replacement of accusative complements. Italian phrase…

Language contact and word borrowing can best be studied in the behavior of bilingual speakers. To establish the universals in language contact and borrowing we must work on a rich and representative corpus. English will be the only lending language, and various European languages the receivers. To narrow the corpus, certain characteristics are…

Throughout the centuries in Spain, the Castilians and Catalans have shared cultural, social, political, generational, and human experiences. This exchange was bound to have a linguistic influence of the Castilian on the Catalan language. (In Catalonia bilingualism is prevalent, and in Castile it is not.) While there have been lexical changes, the…

A review of historically and sociologically significant cultural interrelations between Italy and its language and the world commences with a historical sketch from the Roman period. The author examines reasons for the rebirth of interest in Italian culture and suggests that the best approach to developing an appreciation of the culture is the…

This section of a four-part research project investigating the syntax of Brazilian Portuguese presents data concerning tense usage in verb distribution. The data are derived from the analysis of selected literary samples from representative and contemporary writers. The selection of authors and tabulation of data are also described. Materials…

The foreign language press in the United States serves three functions: (1) it provides a medium of communication for immigrant groups whose native language is not English; (2) it serves to publish news of the home country which would otherwise be unavailable; and (3) it aids the process of assimilation by offering information and advice on…