Based on Fromm's proposed personality theory of the productive and nonproductive use of four character types, studied the productive facet of the four life-style orientations. Analyses of the data from surveys of life and interpersonal relations orientations supported the four orientations suggested by Fromm's theory. (RC)

Examined the relationship between alienation and dogmatism, as measured by shared personality characteristics. Scores from the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, the Keniston Alienation Scale, the California Test of Personality, and the Omnibus Personality Inventory were obtained for 92 college freshmen. Alienation and dogmatism were positively related…

Research is summarized on fundamentally different styles of inquiry, especially relating to the structure of the disciplines in the university as they reflect the structure of knowledge. Relations among the sciences and dimensions of cognitive style are examined, and an exercise is described to challenge perceptions of the disciplines. (MSE)

Investigated the relationship between two cognitive variables, social insight and psychological defensiveness, and scores on a validated scale for predicting early dropout or continuation in insight-oriented counseling for males (N=48) and females (N=86). Results suggest continuation for highly defended, less insightful males and highly defended,…

Speech-anxious students (N=69) classified as experiencing primarily cognitive or somatic symptoms of anxiety received cognitive restructuring, coping relaxation, a combined cognitive-somatic treatment (stress inoculation) or no treatment. Cognitive indices of anxiety indicated that matched treatments resulted in more facilitative patterns of…

Investigated the validity of two approaches to the assessment of female identity status: the standard Outer Space interview used with males, and an Inner Space interview specifically developed for females. Found that, contrary to Erikson's theory, college women form their identities around Outer Space as well as Inner Space issues. (Author/GC)

Describes development and validation of an inventory measuring five dysfunctional relationship beliefs. This Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI) was administered to couples along with measures of marital functioning and a questionnaire assessing irrational beliefs about self. Results demonstrated internal consistency, convergent validity, and…

Attempts are made to improve the previously used procedure for multidimensional scaling in the measure of conceptual level. Monte Carlo simulation runs and a laboratory experiment highlight potential incongruities related to the degree of error in the input data required by that process. Methodological recommendations are briefly evaluated.…

Presents a proposed unifying relationship between instructional methods and cognitive operations, and argues that it is the location of the processing of the learning task that defines the function, type, and extent of the instructional method required. More than 50 references are listed. (MER)

Reviews concepts and studies about social class, educational achievement, and learning styles. Attempts to survey literature pertaining to socioeconomic status and educational achievement and to present the main arguments. (Author/MW)

Differential instruction approaches appropriate for teaching students with differing ethnic and racial backgrounds are a key to developing effective approaches to multicultural education. Important and frequently discussed approaches include student learning styles, dialect differences among ethnic and racial groups, and bilingual education.…

The potential abilities of microcomputers to respond to personal learning patterns and individual learning styles are discussed. (MP)

Development of an information processing model provided concepts for analyzing test anxiety. Results implied that worry reported by high test-anxious students is due to inadequate knowledge of subject matter rather than a personality characteristic. Programs emphasizing learning strategies and coping techniques are urged. (CE)

This article analyzed the work currently under way with regard to cognitive mapping of vocational students in Oregon community colleges. The primary focus of the study was to determine if the cognitive mapping efforts of selected Oregon community colleges were contributing to student success in vocational classes. (Author)

Reviews research on instructional techniques recognizing the different learning styles, languages, dialects, or cultures of minority students. Concludes that special educational programs for students of other cultures may have both positive and negative outcomes. (JM)