The most common psychological disorder found in the elderly is depression. To investigate the relationship between numerous age-related stresses and depression in older adults, 68 residents of a retirement center completed a questionnaire assessing depression and a wide range of possible losses or stresses. Depression was related to poorer…

The two-parameter graded response latent trait model was applied under various conditions to two simulation data sets and to data obtained from a Likert-type attitude scale. The purpose was to investigate the invariance property of the item and person parameter estimates for polychotomously scored data. Correlation and regression analyses, as well…

An aptitude test requiring 10-minutes' administration time was administered to high school students learning Forkner, Century 21, and Gregg shorthand for the purpose of determining test validity for different shorthand systems. Validity data were obtained from approximately 2000 students. Aptitude test reliability ranged from KR20=0.88 to 0.90.…

A sample consisting of 115 college students participated in a study of the relationships between reading rate, reading comprehension, and related independent variables (attitude, motivation, and interest). A short story was used for obtaining objective rate and comprehension scores for each subject. Two questionnaires designed for the study were…

A new approach to item analysis, concerned not only with differences among individuals, but also differences among the groups in which the individuals may have membership, is described. This multi-level aspect may be applied to studies of differences among individuals, classes, and schools, depending upon the kind of problem being studied and the…

This document discusses the relationships between organizational features of Individually Guided Education (IGE) as measured in the large sample survey of the IGE evaluation, and teacher job satisfaction. The theoretical model linking organizational features and teacher job satisfaction is tested using causal model analysis. Two findings were…

Multiple matrix sampling is a sampling design in which both test items and examinees are randomly sampled from their respective populations. This study was designed to develop and assess a method for computing an estimate of a correlation coefficient when a multiple matrix sampling design is used. The examinee populations included 212 third-grade…

Mexican university students enrolled in a general English course were administered a battery of tests including a reading comprehension test based on a Spanish text, one based on an English text, and the TEAL test battery of English language proficiency for adult students. Half the students were given an easy English text and a difficult Spanish…

The attitude of students toward taking achievement tests, as well as the relationship between this attitude and student performance on achievement tests, was studied in three southern Illinois schools. Students in grades six through nine were administered the 1973 Stanford Achievement Tests, followed by an attitudinal test developed for the study…

Students in the eleventh grade in three Montgomery County, Maryland high schools were the subjects of a study to determine the effect of foreign language study on performance on the verbal section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The following results were reported: (1) when verbal ability is controlled, students who study foreign language…

Although interest has increased in applying cognitive behavior therapies to conjoint treatment of marital problems, the role of cognitive processes in marital maladjustment and in couples' orientations toward marital therapy has not been sufficiently investigated. The association between couples' levels of marital distress and their goals for…

Recent studies have suggested that depressives process personal information in a biased and negative self-referential manner. Normative ratings on a variety of "depressed" and "nondepressed" adjectives were obtained to investigate the exact nature of information processing in depressives. Subjects rated adjectives on depressive content, imagery,…

This research correlates maternal sociodemographic and psychological data and dimensions of maternal behavior at four and twelve months with dimensions of infant adjustment and competence at twelve months. Interviews of 321 low-income mothers were completed during the third trimester of pregnancy, at four months and at twelve months.…

A telephone questionnaire was designed to collect data on community identification, community involvement, and newspaper use. The entire questionnaire was pretested three times over the telephone and was revised after each pretest, yielding a final form between five and ten minutes in length. The questionnaire was administered to a proportionate…

THIS STUDY OF 487 GRADUATES (JUNE 1966 TO AUGUST 1967) FOCUSES ON THE DEGREE OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE GRADUATES' PERFORMANCE IN HIGH SCHOOL (MEASURED BY GPA AND SAT SCORES) AND THEIR ACADEMIC SUCCESS AT BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE (MEASURED BY CUMULATIVE INDEX AT GRADUATION). MAJOR FINDINGS INCLUDE (1) WEAK ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIGH…