The purpose of this study was to determine the influence and the relative salience of imagery and contextual cues in the mediation of preschoolers' emotional stereotypes. Fourteen male and 14 female preschoolers enrolled in a university summer preschool program were presented with six hypothetical emotional situations in story form -- 2 each for…

A system for describing the specific elements that constitute any psychological intervention is presented. The system includes 39 operations or controlling responses which may be administered by the psychologist, the client, or both together. Varying the administration of the operations can provide over 100 source/operation elements in the coding…

DEVELOPED FOR USE IN 4-YEAR ACCREDITED INSTITUTIONS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT SCALES (CUES) WERE CONSTRUCTED FROM THOSE ITEMS WHICH DISCRIMINATED MOST CLEARLY THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES AMONG 50 SUCH INSTITUTIONS. A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF CUES IN 32 JUNIOR COLLEGES IN CALIFORNIA, TEXAS, AND MINNESOTA SHOWED THAT (1)…

To help school districts comply with basic skills legislation, the California State Department of Education developed sample writing exercises and scoring guides. The exercises were modeled after Kinneavy's three categories of discourse: expressive--writer oriented; explanatory--subject oriented; and persuasive--audience oriented. The minimum…

The entire educable mentally retarded (EMR) population of three middle and two elementary schools in Indiana were subjects for this interdisciplinary study that addressed the problem of determining what media techniques influence the attention of mildly handicapped learners toward relevant information and away from irrelevant information in…

In a poststimulus cueing task subjects reported either the identity of items or their category membership. Results indicated that readout from Visual Information Storage (VIS) is not selective for conceptual categories. Rapid conceptual categorization of the type found in visual search experiments probably occurs at a processing stage subsequent…

Two experiments on unaided and cued recall of sentences presented in context to college students are reported in this study. Key nouns in the sentences were arranged to have uniform surface functions, but to vary independently in deep syntactic category and semantic function. Cued recall for sentences in which the semantic function of actor and…

Research on the use of underlining or typographical cueing to improve both immediate and delayed recall of prose material by high school students is described and analyzed. Student underlining (with and without prior underlining instruction) instructor underlining, and noncued reading of a study-type material were examined, along with interactions…

This paper discusses organizational processes and memory in general and organizational processes and adult age differences in memory in particular. The simplest analysis of memory is to divide the process into two parts: storage and retrieval. Studies show that the limitation of memory lies primarily in retrieval rather than storage. Organization…

Auditory sequencing problems were seen as contributing heavily to neurologically involved children's language impairment, and several procedures for training auditory sequencing were explored. Five of the procedures were found to contribute considerably to an efficient and effective training program. These procedures included (1) the immediate…

While a low error rate is considered desirable in programed instruction, it does not necessarily indicate an adequate program since the answer may be highly cued in ways unrelated to the major content of the items. A 377-item section of a psychology program was altered by choosing different words or phrases to leave blank for the subject to…

Children of ages 5 and 8 years were given one of three learning tasks: (a) a component selection problem, in which two stimulus components were redundant and (b) two incidental learning tasks, in which one component of the stimuli was task-relevant and the other was incidental. A posttest, measuring the children's recall for information about each…

This series of studies was concerned with developmental changes in memory organization. Denney & Ziobrowski's (1972) "complementary-similarity" shift with age in the bases of encoding for memory was investigated with two new paradigms which assessed memory performance for the same stimulus materials within the same subjects. No evidence was found…

This paper discusses three studies which examined the interaction of dimensional dominance with the attentional components of alertness and encoding. In Study I, twenty 6- and 7-year-olds observed thirty 3-second exposures of a color, then participated in a 40-trial choice reaction time task in which the familiarized color and a novel color served…

This experiment attempts to maximize orthographic while reducing semantic bases for processing by using lists of words from a single category (girl's first names), presenting the first letter as a cue for each word during both study and recall trials, and blocking together all words with the same first letter. (Author)