Reviews and reinterprets current developmental directed-forgetting literature within an inhibition framework. Argues that item-by-item cued directed-forgetting tasks manipulate selective rehearsal to produce greater recall of to-be-remembered than to-be-forgotten items, producing directed-forgetting effects by second grade. Blocked and…

Students with mild-to-moderate mental retardation (N=3) were taught four independent tasks (making a bagged lunch, playing a matching game, ordering food, and social conversation) in order to analyze the effects of matching the prompting procedure used in training to the specific behavior chain to be taught. Discusses results of prompting methods.…

Investigated whether children age 2; age 0-2; and 2 years used grammatical and caregiver cues in sentence comprehension and how different types of cues interacted. Children listened to sentences and identified pictures. Results indicated that children used caregiver cues (e.g., short length and position of key words) in sentence comprehension.…

A study explored the ability of 20 6-year olds with specific language impairments (SLI) to use cues to interpret novel verbs and the role of cues for novel verb interpretation and retention. Subjects demonstrated an ability to use cues to interpret verb meaning; however, they had lower scores on verb retention. (Author/CR)

Describes the method of using prompts to allow students to have more "voice" in a large class. The prompt assignment requires students to respond anonymously to a statement that concerns the chapter being discussed in the class. Discusses how the Internet has allowed more freedom with the prompts. Puts forth some student responses to the…

The efficacy of teaching a 6-year-old with autism to make successful transitions in daily routines in three different school settings through the use of a photographic cue package was examined. Results indicated that providing advance notice of an activity change using combined verbal and photographic cues helped reduce the child's tantrums while…

The escape-maintained destructive behavior of an 8-year-old girl with mental retardation persisted during hygiene routines with directive prompting, differential reinforcement for compliance, and extinction as treatment. Using nondirective prompting and noncontingent reinforcement, destructive behavior was reduced to near-zero levels during the…

Used shift-rate recovery method in three experiments to examine extent to which 6-month-olds find perceptual cues such as density and length useful in discrimination of linearly arranged sets of large numbers of objects. Found that infants can discriminate between large number sets by relying on absolute cues such as density and on relative cues…

Examined children's and adults' ability to decode emotions in dance forms of expressive body movements and detect intensity differences in anger and happiness. Found that decoding ability exceeded chance for sadness by 4-year olds; sadness, fear, and happiness by 5-year olds; and all emotions by 8-year olds and adults. Children as young as 5…

Examined effects of spatial precues on rapid execution of aim in 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds, providing kinematic support to the role of precues in aiming tasks performed under temporal constraints. Found that precuing spatial dimensions of movement shortened reaction times as a function of the number of precued parameters. Spatial precues modified…

A study investigated the effectiveness in increasing social exchanges of embedding textual cues in the photographic activity schedules of three boys (ages 4-5) with autism. After learning to use the scripts, verbal elaborations and unscripted interactions increased. After scripts were faded, interactions continued and generalized to other…

This study compared three models of adult prompting to promote communication acts of three toddlers. The responsive interaction model avoids the use of explicit prompts, whereas the milieu and didactic approaches encourage explicit prompts. Higher rates of intentional communication were found for the explicit prompt condition, although the minimal…

Explored the differential application of a self-regulatory strategy on mathematics performance among three eighth-graders with learning disabilities and diverse planning abilities. Found that all students improved on fraction probes as a function of using a cue card strategy. The student with high planning ability demonstrated consistent…

In studies of function transformation, participants initially are taught to match stimuli in the presence of a contextual cue, X; the stimuli to be matched bear some formal relation to each other, for example, a relation of opposition or difference. In a second phase, the participants are taught to match arbitrary stimuli (say, A and B) in the…

Calibration concerns (a) the deviation of a person's judgment from fact, introducing notions of bias and accuracy; and metric issues regarding (b) the validity of cues' contributions to judgments and (c) the grain size of cues. Miscalibration hinders self-regulated learning (SRL). Considering calibration in the context of Winne and Hadwin's…