Investigated influences on environmental attitudes of factors within the control of the educational system (offering environmental education or not) and of those less amenable to control (students' age, sex, academic orientation, year in school). Results obtained from college students (N=136) indicate that these attitudes are importantly related…

Differences in achievement motivation and sex-role orientation between female athletes and nonathletes were assessed using Mehrabian's Scale of Achieving Tendency and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Athletes exhibited higher achievement motivation. Also, high achievement motivation was related to androgynous and masculine sex roles. (Author/CM)

Eighteen second-grade boys and girls identified as being high or low role-takers were videotaped teaching two same-sex kindergartners to make construction-paper caterpillars. High and low role-takers differed on eight dimensions of the 16 categories of prosocial behavior coded during videotaped observations. (Author/MP)

Twenty-four girls and 19 boys who failed quantity conservation tasks on a pretest were retested after having been exposed to a classroom demonstration on conservation. Results indicated that children who understood number conservation improved their quantity conservation performance more often than children who showed no understanding of number…

Surveyed 153 rural teachers based in eastern-central Utah to measure eight career orientations (security, technical/functional, managerial competence, creativity, autonomy, identity, service, and variety). Suggests organizations need to appreciate differences among teachers, and that rural teachers leave the profession due to a bad match between…

Reviews studies in which the psychophysiological responses of Type A and B subjects were studied in various contexts. It appears that Type A's manifest greater psychophysiological arousal in solitary as well as interpersonal situations in which there is a moderate external incentive to accomplish something and an intermediate probability of…

Reviewed task-related differences in physiological arousal between Type A and Type B persons and found that differences are less consistent and of a smaller magnitude than what is usually assumed. Furthermore, the median difference in systolic blood pressure between Type A and Type B persons working on tasks was small. (Author/JAC)

Reviews the utility of the "bogus pipeline" attitude measurement technique. The present conceptual replication failed entirely to produce the Cherry (1976) finding, showing a tendency for responsiveness to demand characteristics only among subjects responding via "paper and pencil." This finding is consistent with the…

Examined the effect of high therapist disclosure on the willingness to disclose of high and low need for approval subjects (N=68), who listened to a recorded client-therapist interview. Results confirmed that subjects with a high need for approval expressed more willingness to disclose in the clear expectation condition. (Author/JAC)

Investigated the usefulness of Arnold's Signs in examining marital discord among married couples (N=72) who were parents of children brought to a mental health facility seeking marital counseling, or in the process of divorce. Results revealed that the counseling group was consistently higher on all signs that reached significance. (Author/JAC)

Links internal personality differentiation to external patterns of interpersonal style. Suggests three basic styles in intimate relationships: apathy, reactivity, and conductivity. Discusses each style in detail. (RC)

Examines how children with special needs can best be identified and categorized without "labeling" them and discusses proven procedures or strategies for use with children who need special or diverse reading instruction. (GC)

Investigated the relationship of Type A behavior to organizational climate preferences. Male and female students (N=118) completed the Jenkins Activity Survey and indicated their preferences for nine organizational climates. Results indicated that individuals are attracted to jobs and organizational climates which match their own stable behavioral…

Elderly participants (N=64) were classified as to high or low rigidity and completed the Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire. Previous findings were supported in that subjects preferred not to make decisions. Subjects were more cautious in making decisions applying to younger individuals and rigidity was related to risky decisions. (RC)

Examined the hypothesis that the variability between adults increases with the age of the population. Conducted two reviews to ascertain the status of the empirical support for this hypothesis. Neither literature search provided any convincing confirmation of this hypothesis. Cites implications of this finding for professionals in gerontology.…