While English modal verbs have been studied extensively, Chinese modal verbs have only been analyzed in a general way. A discussion of the six properties of Chinese modal verbs by Li and Thompson (1981, 1997) examined this area, though some of the properties that they proposed appear to be inaccurate or flawed. This paper concentrates on one of…

This textbook seeks to set forth in a simple and practical manner the principles of modern English grammar. The aim has been not only to give the pupils an insight into the structure of the English sentence, but also to provide them with exercises helpful to the formation of good habits of speech.

This textbook is first in a series of four elementary school grammar books. Exercises are arranged in logical sequence to make the mastery of grammar comparatively easy and the demands on the teacher relatively light. The inductive method takes the form of asking the pupil to "observe" a number of particular instances illustrating the…

This textbook is second in a series of four elementary school grammar books. Exercises are arranged in logical sequence to make the mastery of grammar comparatively easy and the demands on the teacher relatively light. The inductive method takes the form of asking the pupil to "observe" a number of particular instances illustrating the…

This textbook is third in a series of four elementary school grammar books. Exercises are arranged in logical sequence to make the mastery of grammar comparatively easy and the demands on the teacher relatively light. The inductive method takes the form of asking the pupil to "observe" a number of particular instances illustrating the…

This textbook is fourth in a series of four elementary school grammar books. Exercises are arranged in logical sequence to make the mastery of grammar comparatively easy and the demands on the teacher relatively light. The inductive method takes the form of asking the pupil to "observe" a number of particular instances illustrating the…

The Russian device for distinguishing between mass words and count words by forming singulatives through suffixation is studied. (PMJ)

It is generally accepted that children have sensorimotor mental representations for concepts even before they learn the words for those concepts. We argue that these prelinguistic and embodied concepts direct and ground word learning, such that early concepts provide scaffolding by which later word learning, and even grammar learning, is enabled…

Two traditions are distinguishable in modern linguistic theory: the tradition of "universal grammar" which flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the tradition of structural or descriptive linguistics which reached its peak 15 or 20 years ago. Universal grammar was concerned with (1) the relation of deep structure to surface forms and to…

There is a set of difficult Spanish grammar questions (ser-estar, preterite-imperfect, subjunctive-indicative, word order, and prepositions) in which the description of the semantic component is essential. Even though generative formulations treat them in differing ways, these questions possess the common characteristic of associating a form…

The possible usefulness of computer poetry is concerned with what the programmer can learn about language, about poetry, and about poets. The problems in designing computer programs to construct poetry include considerations in generating well-formed sentences which have the added restrictions that poetry requires: meter, rhyme, logic, diction,…

Aspects of language instruction which "derive from the nature of language itself" are discussed in this study. The notion that language teachers should teach grammar exclusively is disputed. This position is based on the following generalizations presented in an analysis of the nature of grammar and language: (1) language comprises more than what…

This longitudinal study tracked five public junior and senior high school Japanese teachers of English (JTEs) who were sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to study English and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) pedagogy at a host university in Canada. This qualitative case study found…

Previous research on the effects of peer-editing in bringing about language development generally examined the linguistic performance of only a few students and did not focus on specific language errors nor used a control group. To counteract these limitations, this study used a pre-test/post-test comparison group quasi-experimental design to…