This study is part of a school-based collaborative research project with a Nova Scotian Mi'kmaq community that hopes to shed light on the relationship between exposure to violence and mental health in First Nations youth. This particular study sought to examine how the multifaceted construct of resilience might act as a protective factor,…

The impact, incidence, prevalence, and severity of violence and trauma adversely affect students academically, behaviorally, emotionally, and socially. For students residing in geographically isolated or self-sequestered communities, trauma may be exacerbated when school counselors may be unprepared to respond effectively and timely because…

In this study, the authors compared the results of a coping measure completed by 98 seventh through ninth grade students who were assessed as having learning disabilities with published means from the general Australian student population. The "Adolescent Coping Scale" was the measure used. The results suggested higher use by students…

Objectives: The Trauma Resilience Scale (TRS), assessing protective factors associated with positive adaptation following violence, was tested in three waves of data collection. Empirical and theoretical literature shaped subscale and item formation emphasizing resilience following physical abuse, sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and/or a…

ERIKSON'S THEORY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HEALTHY PERSONALITY IS INTEGRATED WITH HOLMES' THEORY OF READING IN ORDER TO DERIVE A TESTABLE HYPOTHESIS REGARDING THE CONTRIBUTION OF SPECIFIED PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS TO READING SUCCESS AND TO VALIDATE THE FINDINGS. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN THE FOLLOWING THREE PHASES--THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW SCALES…

Erikson's theory on the development of a healthy personality is integrated with Holmes' Theory of Reading in order to derive a testable hypothesis regarding the contribution of specified personality characteristics to reading success and to validate the findings. The study was conducted in the following three phases--the construction of new scales…

A review of the literature on personality as compiled by Adelson, Dahlstrom, Fiske and Pearson suggests that personality theory is a "swamp" through which one must tread carefully. The author recommends these cautions: (1) view carefully personality constructs and polarities from one experimenter which are reported with little regard for their…

Study data supported the hypothesis that A-B status is explicable in personality terms: so-called A-type Ss were characterized by cautious self-expression, social ineptness, and a restricted cognitive scope; B-type Ss appeared socially ascendant and "open" to complex experiences. Also, the variables differentiating A-B statuses appeared to involve…

Studied the early development of inhibited approach through the observation of 48 infants. Subjects (aged 6.5, 10, and 13.5 months) were observed longitudinally as they reached for toys under high- and low-novelty/intensity conditions. Predictions that temperament would affect reaching behavior (with happy children reaching more quickly and…

In this commentary I make three points. First, the four articles presented in this special issue are critical examples of the viability and importance of the idea of childhood personality. Second, I identify several concerns, including the narrow scope of the study of childhood personality, the lack of focus on environmental factors that might…

This article provides a review and synthesis of concepts, research programs, and measures in the infant and child temperament area. First, the authors present an overview of five classical approaches to the study of child temperament that continue to stimulate research today. Subsequently, the authors carve out key definitional criteria for…

RESEARCH ON HEREDITARY FACTORS IN NORMAL PERSONALITY TRAITS, AS MEASURED BY INVENTORIES, HAS BEEN LIMITED BY THE FOLLOWING FACTORS--(1) DATA DRAWN FROM ADOLESCENT, NOT ADULT, TWINS, (2) OMISSION OF MENTALLY ILL TWINS, (3) SMALL SIZE OF SAMPLES, (4) VARIABILITY STUDIED ONLY WITHIN FAMILY, (5) SMALL, ISOLATED, UNCOORDINATED STUDIES, AND (6) PROBLEMS…

This study presents results of the testing of personality characteristics of ethnic groups. The significant overall ethnic difference was ordered with the Anglos highest and Indians lowest. (Author)

Applied confirmatory factor analysis in a test of alternative factor models and measurement invariance across gender groups, using data from the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire focusing on shyness, high-intensity pleasure, activity level, attention, irritability, and fear. Found that factor models based on composite indicators showed…