Schemata is one example of a cognitive construct used extensively by social and personality psychologists to explain some of the biases that emerge when people process information about themselves and others. Recently gender has also been seen as a cognitive schema. Sex and gender schema processing were examined in 40 male and 40 female college…

Three research studies were conducted by the academic advisers in the College of Education at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale to test a method of increasing retention and academic performance of currently enrolled high-risk students. Students recruited for the research had had less than 75 hours passed and grade points below 2.15, making…

A review was made of literature about individual differences in learning style. Four related topics were investigated: (1) learning style as the factor constituting individual differences among students; (2) the necessity of diagnosis to the learning style paradigm; (3) elements making up individual learning style differences; and (4) the…

A 328-item checklist, suitable for the self-reporting of responses to any stimulus event, was administered to 107 upper division college students in an attempt to investigate the physiological-cognitive-emotional responses to defense arousing communication and to discover a greater range of the key features of the phenomena of…

The relationship between student achievement and student evaluation of instructors based on the match/mismatch of cognitive styles was examined. Students (N=161) and teachers (N=10) were administered the Group Embedded Figures Test during the semester. At the end of the course, teacher evaluations and students' scores were obtained and analyzed…

In this study, the social interaction of 151 children, ages 8 through 13, attending a summer computer camp were observed as they worked with the computers. They were also asked to complete a questionnaire that focused on social dilemmas in a technological environment. The dilemmas focused on the acceptability of copying someone else's program or…

Florida's department of education and state university system face the question of how to institutionalize effective methods and techniques to improve administrators' performance. This report attempts to clarify the management roles of coaching, mentoring, and sponsoring. The clarification is necessary because, first, the terms (especially…

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory is presented as a cognitive perspective on intelligence which has profound implications for education in general. More specifically, it has led to the application of eight of these frames to language teaching and learning. In this chapter, we will argue in favour of the application of MIT to the EFL…

Seeking to determine the training methods that can most effectively develop highly proficient performance, this report describes the molecular analytic techniques currently used in the Air Force (the instructional systems (ISD) approach based on breaking a complex task into discrete steps) and presents the limitations of these techniques for…

This exploratory study was conducted to interpret age and individual differences in 48 kindergarteners' and second graders' performance on a referential communication task in light of the Pascual-Leone Theory of Constructive Operations, a neo-Piagetian theory of cognitive development. Stimulus materials were black and white photographs of dogs,…

An instructional system that is both efficient and effective should present information so that it is easily processed by learners and so that the cognitive structures resulting from instruction correspond to the structure of the content to be learned. This paper presents a discussion of methods for describing content structure and cognitive…

This study focuses on the question of "emotional style," defined as the structure or lack of structure in the interaction between teacher and student. Characteristics of "open" and "structured" teachers and students are defined. It is hypothesized that a matching of teacher and student emotional style will result in…

This document examines the differences of cognitive styles and how they pertain to student performance and effective teaching. Persons identified as "field-dependent" people are particularly attuned and differentially attend to the social dimensions of their environment. Due to this orientation, these persons appear to be more skillful at learning…

Cognitive style research is hindered by a variety of poorly described measures and style classifications and the use of small samples. This study described and compared three group measures of impulsivity/reflectivity, internal/external locus of control; and field dependence/independence to determine the distribution characteristics, psychometric…

The personal problem-solving process can be functionally analyzed from a cognitive-behavioral perspective into at least four major performance classes: (1) decision making; (2) problem exploration, differentiation, and definition; (3) identification of response alternatives; and (4) performance of an intended solution response. The personal…