A central hypothesis of classical motivation theory is that affect underlies motivation and its behavioural manifestations. However, this has been largely ignored in the past 30 years because social cognitivism has been the dominant theory. As a result, studies have concentrated on social cognitive processes when analysing those factors that…

In this discussion, we summarize the main aspects of the research presented in the papers and discuss what we see as their strong points. To analyze recent developments in identity research, we compared the present issue with the special issue of the "Journal of Adolescence" in 1996 on "Identity Development in Context". In that issue it was…

The present study investigated the influence of contextual (i.e., being in college vs. being employed) and psychological (i.e., sense of coherence) processes on achieving a sense of adulthood in a sample of 317 emerging adults. Identity formation, conceptualized as multiple dimensions of exploration and of commitment, was conceived of as a…

Discusses Abraham Maslow's influential managerial ideas, his theory of enlightened management, and his Hierarchy of Needs, and clarifies his views. (JOW)

Examined certain personality traits that might distinguish the cold-blooded killer from a normal control group, softcore inmates, hardcore inmates, a random sample of inmates, and assaultive inmates. Found significant differences among incarcerated felons (N=250) and a normal control group in certain personality traits and significant test items.…

Discusses the history of personality-assessment tools. Describes the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and illustrates the process of co-production, how the right tool can become very wrong as networks dissipate and professional time goes by. (Author/CCM)

As a teacher the author often wishes that his students were more curious. Yet, Alice Ramos (this issue) proposes that curiosity can be a vice. She writes that there are times when a student might be motivated by a "blamable desire for knowledge." Ramos bases this claim on a distinction made by Thomas Aquinas, the thirteenth-century Aristotelian…

Applying optimal stimulation theory, the present study explored the development of sustained attention as a dynamic process. It examined the interaction of modality and temperament over time in children and adults. Second-grade children and college-aged adults performed auditory and visual vigilance tasks. Using the Carey temperament…

The validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) has been examined extensively in men, but its validity for women remains understudied. Specifically, the correlates of the general construct of psychopathy and its components as assessed by PCL-R total, factor, and facet scores have yet to be examined in depth. Based on previous research…

Summarizes Process Communications Management's six basic personality types: feelers, thinkers, believers, dreamers, funsters, and doers, and discusses the implications for teachers. Two keys to reaching all students in the classroom are to meet each student's motivational needs positively and to talk to them in a way in which they can best relate.…

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether persons' Holland personality types would affect preferences in the two occupational preference dimensions of interest and prestige. This study was based on the theoretical premises that persons: (1) tend to seek occupations that fit their interest type; and (2) consider prestige to…

This study explored personality variables measured by the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) test and their relevance to success, as defined by the final course grade, in college calculus courses with 94 students. Two personality variables were significant predictors of success as determined by the final course grade. A Statistical Analysis System…

The effect of "temperament" in a school-like environment was evaluated for 30 children with mental retardation, 30 children with autism, and 30 typical children (all groups with a mean mental age of 23 to 24 months). Five-minute videotapes of each child attempting to complete a puzzle were viewed and scored by raters on the University of…

The Character Education Program which was implemented in 52 elementary schools in 1979-80 in the Dade County public school system is evaluated. Objectives of the evaluation were: (1) to determine how much the character-building materials were used and how the teachers valued the materials; (2) to determine attitudes of students toward the use and…