Prior research has focused extensively on how emotion tendencies (e.g., duration, frequency, intensity, and valence) affect students' performance, but little is known about emotion variability (i.e., the fluctuations in emotion states) and how emotion variability affects performance. In this paper, emotion variability was examined among 21 medical…

The existence of outliers in the anchor items can be detrimental to the estimation of examinee ability and undermine the validity of score interpretation across forms. However, in practice, anchor item performance can become distorted due to various reasons. This study compares the performance of modified "INFIT" and "OUTFIT"…

This study investigates text readability level investigation about biology subjects-related units in 'Science 7 Textbook'. A document analysis method was used in this study based on a qualitative research approach. The textbook, which has been used since the 2019-2020 academic year, has been selected as the study material. In the textbook, a total…

Several working memory (WM) theories assume a resource sharing between the maintenance of information and its processing, whereas other theories suppose that these 2 functions of WM rely on different pools of resources. Studies that addressed this question by examining whether dual-task costs occur in tasks combining processing and storage have…

This study investigates children's vocabulary knowledge in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL), specifically their understanding of different form-meaning mappings by using a multilayered assessment format originally developed for British Sign Language (BSL). The web-based BSL vocabulary test by Mann (2009) was adapted for FinSL following the steps…

The intent of this report is to contribute to discussions about what is involved in efforts to implement the type of broad-based, multifaceted system changes seen as essential for fundamentally improving schools. The report begins by stressing four interrelated considerations involved in making multifaceted and complex sustainable changes at a…

Knowledge tracing (KT), the task of tracking the knowledge state of each student over time, has been assessed actively by artificial intelligence researchers. Recent reports have described that Deep-IRT, which combines Item Response Theory (IRT) with a deep learning model, provides superior performance. It can express the abilities of each student…

We propose an adaptation of the Glicko-2 rating system in a K-12 math learning software setting, where variable time intervals between solution attempts and the stratification of student-item pairings by grade levels necessitate modification of the original model. The discrete-time stochastic process underlying the original system has been…

Forty-seven percent of higher education chief academic officers have been in their positions for three years or less, but there has been no systematic review and exploration into why this level of turnover has occurred. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to gather data from a select group of chief academic officers to more fully…

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to determine the extent to which preservice teachers could identify various academic language markers (general academic and discipline-specific vocabulary, passive voice, nominalization, logical connections, and referents--pronouns and synonyms) in complex texts and describe the language that make texts…

This study examines the structural, institutional, and representational barriers and challenges of African American women college and university presidents at baccalaureate institutions and the personal and professional coping strategies they use to persist. The analysis distinguishes between barriers faced on route to the presidency and…

Beyond the basic information provided in foundation texts and test manuals, there is a notable scarcity of professional literature addressing complex issues and dilemmas in assessment. At times, psychologists need to make decisions based on their professional experience or personal preferences, and it is possible that some of these decisions are…

We discuss four ways in which emotion may relate to cognitive load during learning. One perspective describes emotions as extraneous cognitive load, competing for the limited resources of working memory by requiring the processing of task-extra or task-irrelevant information. Another perspective shows that encoding, storage, and retrieval of…

Escape rooms are collaborative puzzle solving activities that require the participants to utilize logical reasoning and teamwork. With a slight refocusing on previously acquired knowledge, escape rooms can also be used to test and promote learning of certain topics. This paper describes the development of a one-hour in-person STEM focused escape…

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for programming learning based on information tutoring feedback (ITF) to provide real-time guidance and feedback to self-directed learners during programming problem-solving and to improve learners' computational thinking. Design/methodology/approach: By…