This study presents an argument against the identification of speech as the sole source of data for linguistic research. Specifically, the issue addressed is whether speech and reading and writing can be considered expressions of one language or whether the obvious differences in the terminal symbol strings in the two types of expression are…

Using a single theme for a course in basic writing can be an effective and enjoyable way of teaching and learning. One college that developed such a program saw as the criteria for the course: learning grammar, writing at least eight in-class paragraphs of 300 words each in the quarter, attending the college's writing center and working with a…

This review of research involving children's moral judgment of literature indicates that such research has been plagued by serious methodological problems stemming largely from the fact that the stimulus materials used to assess children's comprehension and evaluations have tended to be poorly constructed. It contends that this forces children to…

TO DETERMINE THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMED AND CONVENTIONAL WORKBOOK METHODS OF TEACHING GRAMMAR, SENTENCE STRUCTURE, PUNCTUATION, AND CAPITALIZATION, PRE- AND POST-TEST SCORES IN FOUR REMEDIAL ENGLISH SECTIONS WERE COMPARED. TWO TEACHERS PARTICIPATED IN THE EXPERIMENT, WITH EACH CONDUCTING A WORKBOOK SECTION AND A PROGRAMED SECTION.…

The function of syntax as a factor in comprehension is described in terms of transformations of basic sentence patterns. Examples of transformations of the basic indirect object sentence are included to show emphasis, questions, negations, and coordinate or subordinate relationships. The term grammeme is defined as the minimum unit of syntactical…

THE AUTHOR RECOUNTS THE RISE IN IMPORTANCE OF MACHINE TRANSLATION, WHICH TOGETHER WITH LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING COMPRISE THE MAJOR FIELDS OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS. MUCH OF THE RECENT THEORETICAL WORK ON LANGUAGE DEALS WITH THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SURFACE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE AND THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURE. THE…

THIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE SEMANTIC PHENOMENA WHICH UNDERLIE THE SURFACE STRUCTURE OCCURRENCE (OR NONOCCURRENCE) IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF ENGLISH NOUNS OF SUCH ITEMS AS THE DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES AND THE PLURAL SUFFIX. THE INFLECTION OF ENGLISH NOUNS IS DISCUSSED IN SEMANTIC TERMS. RULES ARE GIVEN FOR THE GENERATION OF THESE INFLECTIONS IN…

A COURSE, COMPLETE WITH DETAILED LESSON PLANS AND PRACTICE DRILLS, HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AT SAN DIEGO STATE COLLEGE, TO PROVIDE THE ADULT SPANISH-SPEAKING STUDENT WITH A BASIC FOUNDATION IN AMERICAN-ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE, AS WELL AS AN AMPLE DAILY AND PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY. THE IDEA OF TRANSLATING CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY IS USED TO TEACH…

This paper deals with deep and surface structure differences and their implication for language teachers. Examples of similar surface structures and dissimilar underlying structures often presented to students of English for pattern drill are pointed out (e.g., the "it" in "It's easy to speak English,""It's difficult for us," and "It's hot…

According to the author, most grammarians have been writing stratificational grammars without knowing it because they have dealt with units that are related to one another, but not simply as a whole to its parts, or as a class to its members. The question, then, is not whether a grammar is stratified but whether it is explicitly stratified. This…

The ten papers in this volume are largely revisions of papers presented at the Texas conference, held March 22-24, 1973. The first paper, "Against Universal Semantic Representation," by Gilbert Harman, argues against the need for (and the possibility of) a level of semantic representation in a theory of language. "Remarks on the…

This article discusses the problem of the relationship between scientific theory and teaching practice, between the linguist and the language teacher. Language instruction attempts more and more to approximate the mother tongue acquisition process, but the two processes remain distinct. However, good second language pedagogy will lead to…

Use of "the language of observation" as a level of scientific discourse is exemplified. The formal properties of this language are characterized, and the derivability and feasibility of the axiomatic method as applied to it are considered. Also discussed are the theoretical and practical significance of this level with respect to various…

Full reading comprehension is dependent on a knowledge of language usage, specifically, how syntactic constructions function in relation to pragmatic knowledge. To avoid some of the problems which might arise concerning the pragmatic aspects of reading comprehension, the following steps may be taken: teach children very early the relationship…

The third volume in this series on Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis contains three articles. They are: "Recent Approaches to Grammar and Their Significance for Contrastive Structure Studies," by Rolf Berndt; "Some Remarks on the Factive and Non-Factive Complements in English and Serbo-Croatian," by Ljiljana Bibovic; and "On Conjoined…