Patterns of cautiousness in a prose learning task were examined in three age groups of adults representing three levels of educational experience. Types of instruction, order of material presentation, sex, and educational experience level were varied for all groups of the 90 adults participating in the study. The main findings were as follows: (1)…

This study investigated differences between the mathematics achievement of students receiving homework assignments and those not receiving homework. Thirty college students were divided into two equal groups. One group was given homework by the instructor, and the other group was not given any homework during the course. As predicted, the…

Data are reported on the performance of the total available prekindergarten population affiliated with the School District of Philadelphia as its "graduates" proceeded through the school years. The report covers three cohorts--those entering kindergarten in the fall of 1974, 1975, and 1976--from the two major prekindergarten programs in…

The performance of all 200,000 examinees on the Professional and Administrative Career Examination (PACE) in fiscal year 1975, its first year of administration, is presented in l0 graphs and l00 tables. The data describe the ratings obtained by six groups of competitors: by series of written test, by Veteran Preference status, by Outstanding…

The question of whether publishers' news preferences affect the performances of editors and reporters is examined in this paper. The first section reviews studies of ways the newsroom environment has affected reporters' role assumptions; it then notes that previous studies have generally been monadic (focusing on only one person) and have provided…

A model of Academic Learning Time (ALT) is described, where ALT represents ongoing student learning in terms of student engagement, low student error rate, and relevance of the instructional task to the specified outcome. This model was validated in a correlational study of the relationship between these variables and student achievement in…

It has been suggested that cognitive style interacts with performance on tasks measuring formal thought. It is hypothesized that cognitive style interacts with task context rather than with the underlying formal thought processes. Experiments are reported to clarify the type of task that elicits an interaction and to determine whether such…

The document provides the final report of a study on metamemory processes (involving the individual's knowledge of his own memory functions) in 120 mildly and moderately retarded children (5-16 years old). Covered in Chapter I is literature on research needs, project phases, general memory development, metamemory development, and strategic…

A study was conducted to determine what conditions connected with college students' entering status were associated with significantly increased error reduction during the first semester of freshman composition and what factors connected with preparation made it possible to classify students who proved to be successful--or unsuccessful--in that…

Reinforcement for academic performance has been shown to increase both correct academic responding and rates of on-task behavior. Reinforcement for attending and on-task behavior has failed to increase correct academic responding in many studies, but it has produced vicarious and sociometric changes. The occurrence of vicarious and sociometric…

An investigation to determine whether reading disabled children exhibit deviant oral language behaviors was undertaken in a study of 103 children in second, fourth, and sixth grades (in two groups, one reading disabled, one control). Four dependent measures (Developmental Sentence Scoring, Mean Length of Utterance, Type Token Ratio, and verbal…

The relationships of children's perceptions of the causes of academic success or failure to achievement behavior and to reading ability were examined using two measures: Crandall's Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IAR), and a measure of students' causal attributions relating to performance of a single, specific task. Subjects were…

A RESEARCH AND GUIDANCE LABORATORY WAS SET UP AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. THE SUBJECTS WERE SUPERIOR STUDENTS CHOSEN FROM OVER A HUNDRED WISCONSIN HIGH SCHOOLS. THE STUDENTS WERE TESTED AND COUNSELED AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR FROM NINTH GRADE THROUGH GRADUATION. THE LABORATORY PERMITTED EXHAUSTIVE STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS, DEVELOPMENT, AND…

THE CREATION OF A TEST MEASURING THE CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE OF A LANGUAGE TEACHER AND THE VALIDATION OF THE TEST IN TERMS OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT WAS RECOMMENDED. DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEST WAS VIEWED AS A HELP IN THE CREATION OF A "PRACTICE-CENTERED" TRAINING CURRICULUM, AND THE TEST ITSELF WAS DESCRIBED AS A MEASURE THAT WOULD PROVIDE A MEANS TO…

MAJOR SUCCESS-FAILURE SYNDROMES WERE STUDIED FROM DATA OBTAINED IN A PREVIOUS STUDY (COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 1533) ON 100 MENTALLY RETARDED, YOUNG MALE ADULTS. STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS HAD BEEN CONDUCTED WITH THE SUBJECTS, THEIR PARENTS, AND THEIR SUPERVISORS. FACTOR ANALYSIS HAD DEVELOPED 21 BASIC PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS AND 17 AFTER-TRAINING…