A study of one speaker's intuitions about and performance in Black English is presented with relation to Saussure's "langue-parole" dichotomy. Native speakers of a language have intuitions about the static synchronic entities although the data of their speaking is variable and panchronic. These entities are in a diglossic relationship to each…

Currently accepted principles of communicative approaches to second language pedagogy are examined to determine the extent to which they are grounded in theories of language, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and other language-related disciplines. The discussion of communicative approaches distinguishes the notions of communicative competence…

IN ADDITION TO GIVING A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF VIETNAMESE, THIS TEXT CONTAINS A STUDY OF VIETNAMESE PRONUNCIATION, BASED ON THE EDUCATED SPEECH OF HANOI, WHICH IS CONSIDERED STANDARD. ANOTHER ENTIRE SECTION IS DEVOTED TO DIALECTAL DIFFERENCES, SPECIFICALLY TO COMPARISONS WITH THE SPEECH OF SAIGON. ALL PHONOLOGY IS…

THIS DESCRIPTION OF DAGUR, A MONGOLIAN LANGUAGE, IS BASED ON THE DIALECT OF A SPEAKER BORN IN INNER MONGOLIA IN NORTHWEST MANCHURIA. SECTION I OF THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES OTHER WORKS PUBLISHED IN MONGOLIAN LINGUISTICS WHICH HAVE USED THE SAME INFORMANT, AND PRESENTS THE AUTHOR'S APPROACH, IN TERMS OF A PHRASE-STRUCTURE GRAMMAR. SECTION II PRESENTS…

THIS TEST--"VARIETIES OF ENGLISH"--WAS DESIGNED BY THE OREGON CURRICULUM STUDY CENTER FOR A SEVENTH-GRADE LANGUAGE CURRICULUM. IT IS INTENDED TO ACCOMPANY THE CURRICULUM UNITS AVAILABLE AS ED 010 149 AND ED 010 150. (MM)

THE THIRD IN A SERIES OF TEXTS PREPARED AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY, THIS ADVANCED TEXT PRESUPPOSES MASTERY OF "BEGINNING CHINESE,""BEGINNING CHINESE READER," AND LESSONS 1 TO 6 OF "INTERMEDIATE CHINESE READER." A COMPANION VOLUME TO THIS ONE, "CHARACTER TEXT FOR ADVANCED CHINESE," PROVIDES READING PRACTICE AND…

THIS CHARACTER VERSION OF "ADVANCED CHINESE" CAN BE STUDIED FOR READING PURPOSES AT THE SAME TIME THAT THE TRANSCRIPTION VERSION IS STUDIED FOR SPEAKING PURPOSES. THERE ARE 904 NEW CHARACTERS INTRODUCED HERE AMONG THE 150,000 CHARACTERS OF RUNNING TEXT. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE STUDENT HAS MASTERED THE BEGINNING AND ADVANCED CHINESE TEXTS…

THIS REFERENCE GRAMMAR WAS WRITTEN TO FILL THE NEED FOR AN UP-TO-DATE ANALYSIS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE SUITABLE FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS AS WELL AS LINGUISTS. THE AUTHOR LISTS IN THE INTRODUCTION THOSE STUDIES PREVIOUS TO THIS ONE WHICH MAY BE OF INTEREST TO THE READER. INCLUDED IN HIS ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE ARE MAJOR CHAPTERS ON--(1) PHONOLOGY, (2)…

THIS IS THE FIRST OF A THREE-VOLUME, NINE-UNIT COURSE IN BASIC AMHARIC. VOLUME ONE TOGETHER WITH VOLUME TWO (UNITS IV-VIII OR LESSONS 16-35) DEAL WITH THE PROBLEMS OF PRONUNCIATION AND THE ORAL-AURAL MASTERY OF BASIC GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS. EACH LESSON INCLUDES A DIALOG, GRAMMATICAL NOTES, PATTERN DRILLS, EXERCISES, AND A VOCABULARY LIST. AT…

THIS IS THE SECOND OF A THREE-VOLUME COURSE IN BASIC AMHARIC. FOLLOWING THE SAME FORMAT AS THE FIRST VOLUME, EACH LESSON IN UNITS IV-VII CONTAINS A DIALOG, GRAMMATICAL NOTES, PATTERN DRILLS, EXERCISES, AND A VOCABULARY LIST. ENGLISH-AMHARIC AND AMHARIC-ENGLISH GLOSSARIES ARE APPENDED. THIS COURSE WILL PREPARE THE STUDENT TO PERFORM AT A…

THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY HAS BEEN COMPILED FOR USE BY THE ADULT LEARNER WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGE IS ENGLISH. COVERING 80 OF THE LESS COMMON MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGES TAUGHT IN THE UNITED STATES, EACH OF THE 275 ENTRIES IS LISTED ACCORDING TO LANGUAGE AND DESIGNATED ACCORDING TO THE PRIMARY CATEGORY OF THE MATERIAL, I.E., WHETHER READER, DICTIONARY, GRAMMAR,…

IN THE LAST 20 YEARS, SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE LEARNING, RESEARCH IN STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS, AND NEWLY-DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY HAVE BROUGHT ABOUT REVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN LANGUAGE-TEACHING METHODS. TO ACHIEVE AN IDEAL METHOD, THE POSSIBILITIES INHERENT IN THIS PROGRESS MUST BE EMPLOYED, AND THE…

THIS SECOND VOLUME OF THE VIETNAMESE BASIC COURSE CONCENTRATES ON THE BASIC DIALOGS USED IN EVERYDAY CONVERSATION. EACH LESSON PRESENTS A DIALOG WITH NEW VOCABULARY AND GRAMMATICAL PATTERNS AND GIVES EXERCISES THAT EMPHASIZE THE NEW MATERIAL. SUPPLEMENTARY TAPE RECORDINGS ACCOMPANY THE DRILLS. THE PATTERNED RESPONSES AND REPETITIVE FORMAT OF THIS…

THIS VOLUME OF THE LANGUAGE HANDBOOK SERIES IS INTENDED TO SERVE AS AN OUTLINE OF THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE BENGALI LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY OVER 80 MILLION PEOPLE IN EAST PAKISTAN AND INDIA. IT WAS WRITTEN WITH SEVERAL READERS IN MIND--(1) A LINGUIST INTERESTED IN BENGALI BUT NOT HIMSELF A SPECIALIST IN THE LANGUAGE, (2) AN INTERMEDIATE OR ADVANCED…

USE OF THE GUIDE IS INTENDED FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF AVERAGE STUDENTS IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS. ALTHOUGH THE INSTRUCTOR IS GIVEN AREAS OF MODIFICATION FOR BELOW- AND ABOVE-AVERAGE PUPILS, IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED THAT THE OUTLINE BE FOLLOWED AS CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE. THE ENGLISH COURSE IS ARRANGED INTO CERTAIN FIELDS OF STUDY INCLUDING GRAMMAR AND…