The dramatic changes in Bulgaria's agriculture, labor structure, and demography caused by the establishment of socialism in the country in the mid-1940s have resulted in changing mechanisms of youth socialization. Industrialization and agricultural consolidation precipitated a rural-urban migration boom and a resulting higher education level,…

A study tested the effectiveness of ridicule as an educational and social corrective in children's educational television programs. Arbitrary activities involving a novel object were presented to 69 four-year-old and 83 six-year-old children via videotaped presentations and demonstrations. In each of three types of motivational message (ridicule,…

This guide, part of the Project BORN FREE training series for teachers, counselors, administrators, and parents, accompanies the videotape about parental socialization, career histories, problems, choices, and suggestions for androgynous child rearing. The videotape format presents individuals from different occupations, age levels, and…

The issue of what educational research has illuminated to date about the universally accepted practice of student teaching is discussed in this paper. A critical review is provided of selected literature on student teaching within the context of two contrasting paradigms for conducting educational research: psychometric and social-anthropological.…

Presented in this document is a cross-cultural study dealing with the role socialization, self perceptions, and aspiration levels of over 200 women of both Anglo Saxon and Indian origins living in Ontario, Canada. These dimensions are explored within the context of selected cultural, religious, and philosophical variables. Some of the factors…

This collection of 11 articles focuses on integrating handicapped and nonhandicapped children in preschool programs. Article 1 presents arguments for preschool integration. Article 2 discusses research on peer interaction and mixed-age socialization. Article 3 advocates a behavior analysis and operant conditioning approach to studying and…

A study to determine international information, opinions, and orientations of junior and senior high school students in Kentucky is described. The sample included 1,391 students who responded to a self-administered survey. Results indicate that young people are moderately interested in international affairs, males more so than females; television…

The Multi-Ethnic School Environments Study evolved in response to the need for a research base for identifying teacher training needs in newly desegregated school districts. The ultimate goal of this five year project is to generate teacher training processes and materials to aid teachers in coping with the realities of desegregation. The first…

A study of identity development was carried out in Bristol, England, with Asian, West Indian, and indigenous British adolescents. Ethnic and gender differences in patterns of identification conflict with others were found between minority group boys and girls. Both sexes from both minority groups, however, had substantial identification conflicts…

This paper reviews social science literature and trends indicated by poll data to examine the political status of women and the extent of their political participation. It is presented in four major sections. Section I summarizes research and presents statistics concerning women's (1) participation in political activities such as voting, lobbying,…

This monograph reviews hypotheses about the motivations of women who choose male-dominated professions. Chapter 1 considers theory and empirical evidence regarding the personality and socialization patterns of those women who have chosen male-dominated professions. Discussion focuses on two types of internal motivation--achievement needs and need…

The document analyzes Mao Tse-Tung's "Three Main Rules of Discipline" and "Eight Points For Attention" and presents, by way of comparison, the text of the "Code of Conduct" issued by the President of the United States for members of the armed forces during the Vietnam War. Mao's regulations were revised by the General…

Investigating the effect of a resident outdoor experience on the attitudes of 300 sixth grade students exposed to two different teaching methods, students from the Brownsville School District in Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to a week-long camp experience. Teachers in the control group (N=3) were given 20 hours of training in outdoor…

This study was designed to assess the relative importance of various factors influencing children's sex role orientations. A measure of sex role flexibility developed for this study and a self concept questionnaire were administered to 376 children in kindergarten and third grade. The children's parents were interviewed about sex role attitudes…

Peer social behaviors and interaction were observed in day care centers and family day care homes in order to examine the influences of experience and environment. The naturally occurring behaviors of forty toddlers and their peers were time sampled in day care settings. Day care facilities were community based and varied in group size, age…