A reaction-time experiment measured the time that subjects needed to read and comprehend a series of sentences, the syntactic form of which was systematically varied. The focus was on the effect of syntactic structure on processing time, reflected in reaction time in a neutral context, and the effect of prior context on time needed to process a…

This book, designed as a combined teacher's manual and text, presents 20 lessons in Maniyaka (Mandingo), a language spoken in Liberia. It represents about 300 hours of study and is the equivalent of a first year college language course. Each lesson is divided into three sections: texts, grammar exercises and cultural information, and suggestions…

Two studies were conducted to test Francis Christensen's theory of generative rhetoric, which maintains that students should be taught the types of sentences that they infrequently use, especially ones with nonrestrictive phrasal modifiers (participial phrases and appositives) as a way to approach invention. The first study examined the principles…

This supplement to the Peace Corps Course in Tunisian Arabic is intended primarily for Peace Corps volunteers, but is also useful to other English speakers who wish to acquire systematically a knowledge of Tunisian Arabic. The dictionary consists of two parts. The lexicon, which begins with a chart of all the phonetic symbols used in the…

This document is the result of a project commissioned by the Council of Europe to produce a system of units in foreign language instruction for European adults. The threshold level of foreign language ability is conceived not only as communicative competence at the survival level, but as the ability to communicate on an interpersonal level, that…

Predictors of relative clause production in adult second language acquisition were examined through a replication and extension of a study by Schachter (1974). The present study is different in that it was based on oral instead of written production and it was designed to examine avoidance with the consideration that avoidance presupposed choice.…

Paragraphs, as well as sentences, can be spoken of as having a deep and a surface structure. The amount of deep structure of the paragraph that is mapped onto the surface paragraph is related to the mode of discourse in which the paragraph is found: the deep structure in scientific paragraphs is relatively uncomplicated with few assumptions made;…

This text is the first of a series of four units concerning language skills for Spanish speakers of limited English-speaking ability in grades 6-9. The text includes a variety of learning experiences designed to develop competence in the student's cognitive and affective skills derived from the following basic areas: listening, speaking, reading,…

THIS COMPANION BOOK TO "FORMAL ARABIC, PART 1" CONTAINS THE GRAMMATICAL NOTES AND AN INDIVIDUAL VOCABULARY LISTING FOR EACH OF THE 26 SELECTIONS INCLUDED IN "PART 1." ALL WORDS ARE GLOSSED EXCEPT FOR THE FIRST 500 WORDS OF LANDAU'S "A WORD COUNT OF MODERN ARABIC PROSE," AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, NEW YORK,…

DESIGNED AS A RESOURCE FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO USE IN HELPING CHILDREN THINK CLEARLY AND COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY, THE ST. PAUL CURRICULUM GUIDE IS DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS--SPEAKING, LISTENING, AND WRITING. AN OVERVIEW OF EACH SECTION DESCRIBES CURRENT THINKING IN THE FIELD AND GENERAL SKILLS WHICH NEED TO BE ACQUIRED BY STUDENTS.…

THIS TEXTBOOK IS INTENDED AS AN INTENSIVE FIRST-YEAR FINNISH COURSE ON THE ADULT LEVEL. THE INTRODUCTION PROVIDES AN EXPLANATION OF THE AURAL-ORAL APPROACH USED IN THE COURSE AS WELL AS AN EXPLANATION OF THE SOUND SYSTEM OF FINNISH AND SUGGESTIONS FOR PRONUNCIATION. THE 33 LESSON UNITS, FIVE OF WHICH ARE REVIEW UNITS, FOLLOW A GENERAL FORMAT--(1)…

THIS IS THE THIRD AND FINAL VOLUME OF A NINE-UNIT COURSE IN BASIC AMHARIC. VOLUMES ONE AND TWO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEMS OF PRONUNCIATION AND THE ORAL-AURAL MASTERY OF BASIC GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS. AT THE END OF EACH VOLUME ARE APPENDED ENGLISH-AMHARIC AND AMHARIC-ENGLISH GLOSSARIES. VOLUME THREE (UNITS VIII-IX) IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS. PART I…

BASED ON THE OYO-IBADAN DIALECT OF YORUBA, THIS COURSE CONTAINS SIX UNITS OF DRILL EXERCISES WHICH STRESS PRONUNCIATION (ESPECIALLY TONE CONTROL), BASIC SYNTAX, VERB STRUCTURE, AND SOME TYPES OF CLAUSES AND SENTENCES. DESIGNED FOR USE WITH A YORUBA-SPEAKING INFORMANT, THE APPROACH IS ENTIRELY ORAL, SO THAT THE STUDENT WILL POSSESS A COMMAND OF THE…

A SURVEY OF CRITICISM FOR AND AGAINST THE AUDIOLINGUAL APPROACH RESULTED IN A CONFERENCE'S PANEL DISCUSSION ON THE LINGUISTIC METHOD. PRESENTED IN BRIEF REPORTS ARE THE EXPERIENCES OF A COLLEGE INSTRUCTOR WHO CHANGED FROM TRADITIONAL METHODS TO THE AUDIOLINGUAL APPROACH, AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGE GERMAN CLASSES TAUGHT BY THE…

THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF FIVE READERS, THIS VOLUME IS ON AN ADVANCED-ELEMENTARY/LOWER-INTERMEDIATE LEVEL AND ASSUMES A KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC ARABIC AS COVERED IN FERGUSON AND ANI'S "LESSONS IN CONTEMPORARY ARABIC, 1-8," CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1960. THE 20 LESSONS (1-15 ARE NEWS REPORTS AND 16-20 ARE PROSE SELECTIONS) ARE…