There are irreconcilable and contested positions taken around the definition and understanding of risk. The purpose of this chapter is to locate risk discourse more solidly in a social scientific framework by providing an historical analysis of literature dealing with risk drawing from the fields of risk assessment and, later, the social sciences…

This study attempted to explore the influence of causal elements (ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck) as the strongest elements of locus of control predicting students' academic achievement satisfaction among foreign students. Based on locus of control scale invented by Rotter (1966), the findings obtained from 210 foreign students in…

Purpose: The aim of this work is to examine the relationship between aspects of objective and perceived housing and aspects of healthy aging, defined as independence in daily activities and subjective well-being. Furthermore, this research examined the comparability of relationships between housing and healthy aging in the five European countries.…

Two samples of Slovak women in higher education were surveyed in order to determine the extent to which organizational commitment and life satisfaction are related to personal and work-related attributes. Organizational commitment was found to be related to the work-related attributes of role conflict and role ambiguity. These work-related…

Relationships between measures of locus of control and creativity in kindergarten and second grade children were examined. (DP)

Rotter's Index of generalized expectancies for the internal or external control of reinforcement has been shown to predict successfully a variety of behaviors. An important future use of this scale may be the examination of the predictive power of individual items rather than generalized expectancies. (EK)

Three common locus of control (LOC) measures were administered to 176 gifted and 204 nongifted students in grades 3 through 8 to determine the relationship of giftedness, sex, age, and their interactions to these LOC measures, and to explore instrument reliability and factor structure. Primary findings were mixed, with no giftedness main effect…

This test was adapted from the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale by V.C. Crandall, Walter Katkovsky, and Vaughan C. Crandall. It is a scale for assessing children's beliefs that they, rather than external forces, are responsible for their intellectual academic successes and failures. Previous data indicates that self responsibility is…

This study was designed to explore the behavioral correlates of locus of control in kibbutz children in Israel. A locus of control questionnaire was given to 183 children aged 9-14 from six kibbutzim. The subjects were assessed by their teachers on various aspects of comptenece, and participated in a structured decision making task. It was found…

Humor displayed during the administration of a work association test containing a gradually increasing number of sexual double entendres was observed in college students through remote control TV facilities. Persons who hold an internal locus of control smiled and laughed more than externals. Humor was differentiated in three ways: superiority,…

Explores the effects of age spacing of siblings on three general personality dimensions: locus of control, introversion/extroversion and neuroticism. Subjects were 191 college students enrolled in four introductory psychology courses. (MP)

Criticizes the practice of giving dependent-prone students more problem solving activities to change their behavior. Author responds that this alternative is better than a more didactic approach utilizing lecture-discussion or science reading. (Author/MA)

Reviews literature on subsequent adolescent pregnancy; self-concept; and phototherapy, a series of visual techniques which can aid in self-understanding. Presents specific phototherapeutic intervention, consisting of eight distinct steps, as a possible component of a comprehensive program of information and counseling for adolescents during…

The differences between 27 emotionally disturbed/behavior disordered (ED/BD) 9-to-13-year-old elementary students and 27 of their peers on measures of perception of locus of control (LOC) were investigated. The two groups were matched on sex, race, and age. No differences were found between the groups. (Author/BN)