Investigated whether attributions of opiate addicts would predict abstinence and reactions to abstinence violations. Found that addicts who at admission attributed to themselves greater responsibility for negative outcomes and who attributed relapse episodes to more personally controllable factors were subsequently more likely either to be…

Describes work of Karl Wilker, physician who was appointed director of Berlin's (Germany) most infamous facility for juvenile delinquents at Berlin-Lichterfelde and "Der Lindenhof," the book he published in 1921 on his experiences with troubled youth. Focuses on Wilker's strategies for empowering youth with whom he worked through…

Experience supports the assertion that incarcerated males believe that their lives and events that occur are a result of forces outside themselves. This paper reviews earlier findings and reports research showing that male inmates are external in their locus of control and the andragogical assumption of self-directed learning is not valid for…

Provided 57 college students with tools that enhance academic learning strategies (knowledge maps, scripted peer cooperation, and conceptual matrices) as means of improving personal management strategies. Students who felt they had control of whatever happened to them, and those who perceived problems as impactful and had strong desires to change…

Administered Internal-External Control Scale to 22 male alcoholics in residential treatment and 8 adult male children of alcoholics (COAs) in outpatient counseling. Contrary to prediction, alcoholics demonstrated external control orientation. COAs also exhibited external locus of control. Alcoholics in first residential treatment demonstrated more…

Examined personality traits of kibbutz children (n=130) and compared them to those of city children (n=142). Children completed Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Locus of Control for Children, and Persistence Scale for Children. Found differences between kibbutz and city children in locus of control, anxiety, and persistence, and also…

Describes a study that examined the instructional effect varying the positions of advance organizers, practice exercises, and feedback in an instructional environment. The effect of varied advance organizer strategies and students' locus of control orientation on instructional and testing time were also investigated. (Author/LRW)

Reports on results of a study designed to assess the impact of a culturally consonant group format among Native Hawaiian adolescents. Investigates the efficacy of a 10-session group counseling format using a Native Hawaiian healing method and culturally indigenous form of communication designed to enhance the participants' self-esteem and internal…

The purpose of this article is to discuss the occurrence of synchronicity in the career development process. Through the presentation of 3 case studies, synchronistic themes are explored. Using various career counseling processes, each client developed an authentic identity and found meaningful work through an experience with synchronicity.…

Identifying factors that contribute to delinquency and recidivism is critical in predicting the success of incarcerated youth transitioning back to the community. The task of identifying these salient factors becomes increasingly complex when compounded by the disproportionate representation of youth with disabilities in juvenile corrections.…

Thirteen probation officers were interviewed to obtain their opinions about the nature of remorse. Six hundred sixty-eight features were identified and reduced to 50 key concepts. A 50-item construct rating form was then administered to 79 probation officers to obtain their opinions about remorse. A refined 42-item Remorse Construct Rating Form…

The main purpose of this study was to examine early childhood education teachers' attitudes toward teaching, and their relationship to internal-external locus of control and sociotropy and autonomy orientations. The participants in this study were limited to 180 undergraduate students enrolled in early childhood education in three different…

This empirical study investigated three mechanisms of protection (preventive, compensatory, buffering) for two factors (emotional social support, sense of personal control) in the relationship between exposure to community violence and psychological distress among 947 diverse, older adolescents. Findings indicate that social support and sense of…

This study examines whether a community-based physical activity intervention influenced movement in stages of change in physical activity in an adult population, whether any such effect was mediated by psychosocial influences, and whether any such mediations were moderated by sociodemographic or anthropometric factors. The 3-year-long…

This study examined the trajectories of delinquency among Puerto Rican children and adolescents in two cultural contexts. Relying on data from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of children and youth from Bronx, New York, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, a group-based trajectory procedure estimated the number of delinquency trajectories,…