Three factors were identified as most important in explaining the nonratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): (1) the low support for the amendment among politically influential groups; (2) the uneven geographic distribution of ERA support; and (3) the association between ERA opposition and a broader right-wing backlash. (Author/RM)

Democracy is a weak and obscure ideal. It is often reasonable to defer to authority, give and take orders, and accept expertise. Pupils must learn to discuss as equals and to give and take orders as superiors and subordinates. Calling the former democratic and the latter authoritarian clarifies nothing. (SR)

Measured the effect of confidentiality, parental influence, and peer influence on the moral judgment of ninth-grade students (N=274). Participants completed the Defining Issues Test and were told results would be either confidential or shared with parents or peers. Results suggest the moral judgment of ninth graders is not stable. (JAC)

Identity is the complex way a person identifies with, and is identified by, his environment. Multiple identities result from the many ways a person has been successfully identified. Identities coexist; sometimes the dominance of one over others becomes evident, and a vertical structure of identities arises. (CS)

A disciplined understanding of human values is seen as an essential complement to the biomedical and psychosocial components of clinical training in medical education. A biopsycho-ethical model for medical education is presented. By combining interdisciplinary seminars with clinical experience, both the rigor and relevance of value analysis are…

It is observed that four basic sets of values, or orientations, characterize modern society's expectations: justice, competence, liberty, and loyalty. Six principles are outlined that suggest how the structuring of systems can reduce the conflict among those values. (MSE)

Economic philosophies, coupled with ignorance concerning biological and psychological attributes of handicapped and gifted students, have hampered and thwarted educational opportunities. However, because of technological development, a change in societal values, and the drive for freedom and equality, educators now have the opportunity to provide…

Three aspects of teacher preparation in the Soviet Union are discussed: (1) organization of teacher education; (2) social philosophy of the state and school; and (3) scientific-technological revolution. A relationship is shown between teacher preparation programs and social values in the USSR. (CJ)

In this paper, a psychologist comments on "Philosophy and Education: Eightieth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education." Criticisms of the yearbook's essays concern failure to appreciate the importance of how to teach (as well as content), the need for evaluation, the significance of real teaching conditions, and the…

This article describes the work of two teachers who taught in St. George, Utah, in the latter third of the nineteenth century. The teaching methods, educational objectives, classroom techniques, and curriculum used by Martha Cox and Richard S. Horne illustrate the "uneven mixture" of personal, societal, and cultural goals present during…

Examines sources of disillusionment and uncertainty in college students' career thinking. Suggests effective vocational counseling may be analogous to survival training. Discusses essential ingredients for career survival including self-responsibility, awareness of values, work knowledge, and work experience. (RC)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's views on children, adults, and nature complement and redeem the one-sided attitude of our present-day habits of thought. Goethe's writings about natural history and the relationship between the individual and society illustrate how teaching can be less a branch of technology than an art. (PP)

Argues that tracking students serves the economic imperatives of American society while subverting the values of English teachers. (JL)

The psychological rights of children with disabilities are discussed in this article. The emergence of a worldwide movement for full citizenship for the disabled is traced, and the physical and social integration of disabled citizens into the mainstream of family and community life is described. (PP)

The issue of constraints on the publication of research results is discussed from the perspective of clashing values: free speech versus censorship in protection of national defense. The problems of secrecy as well as of disclosure are examined. Greater conflict between academe and military interests is foreseen. (MSE)