In response to commentaries on their model of discipline effectiveness, Grusec and Goodnow note that the model places as much emphasis on affect as on cognition and that it is certainly applicable to preschool years. They discuss development of sense of self, ability to self-regulate, and attachment as important precursors of internalization. (MDM)

An activity called "validationgram" derived from Ishiyama's model of self-validation is described. It is a visual activity of mapping sources of validation in four domains: relationships, activities, things, and places. It is proposed that validationgram is useful in exploring client's world of meanings, feelings, and values. (JBJ)

Reports on two surveys (1989 and 1993) of sex role stereotypes of secondary school and college-level Russian males. Finds a substantial liberalization of students' views regarding sexual morality in that period. Also finds a trend away from traditional masculinized thinking toward an androgynous position. (CFR)

The role of education in the development of an Eritrean cultural identity is explored against the background of a review of relevant educational provisions in pluralist societies. Multicultural education in Eritrea offers access to a common culture and also to a variety of specific cultures. (SLD)

The application of generalizability theory to the reliability and error variance estimation for performance assessment scores is discussed. Decision makers concerned with performance assessment need to realize the restrictions that limit generalizability such as limitations that lead to reductions in the number of tasks possible, rater quality,…

The nurturing, protective environment of camp is important for the healthy development of children. In contrast to earlier times, adults today prepare children for the world by encouraging them to grow up quickly and accept more responsibility. Camp encourages children to cultivate trustworthiness, caring, and, most important, an enthusiasm for…

Suggests, as one way to build prosocial values in a classroom, the strategy of "cheerleading" to honor the good intentions of all students and to model the obvious ways of praising success. Notes that celebrating students' successes acknowledges the contributions they make to the classroom community. Activities discussed include year-end reviews…

Outdoor adventure-based professionals must take on the challenge of integrating the experiential-learning philosophy and values-clarification component of adventure education into the entire school curriculum. As good role models and good risk takers, adventure-based educators are well suited to push for educational reforms that focus on the…

Reports a study that examined the utility of health and exercise locus of control and health and exercise value in predicting exercise behavior in 86 adults. Survey results indicated that exercise locus of control was a better predictor of exercise behavior than a more general measure of health locus of control. (Author/SM)

Describes the sharp contradiction between the ideal of autonomy in democratic educational thought and the prevailing closed school structure, indicating the contradiction as having stemmed from considerations valid in industrial societies. Suggests a model of a flexible school designed to operate according to the considerations of postindustrial…

The female principal and male assistant principal of a small rural elementary school completed the Hall-Tonna Inventory of Values resulting in each individual's value clusters, leadership characteristics, and ethical profile. The two administrators' leadership characteristics, goal values, and means values were often in conflict. Both would…

This article offers an approach to providing integrated education for students with disabilities by effectively involving major stakeholders (building-level administrators, general education staff, special education staff, and students). A matrix displays categories of support (beliefs/values, content, methods, and adult-adult interactions) for…

An instructional technology professor has created a documentary film about the killing of four college students at an antiwar protest at Kent State University (Ohio) in 1970. The film highlights the events and their social symbolism. It will be turned into an interactive exhibit housed at the university. (MSE)

Reviews four books dealing with different aspects of preschool and primary grades curriculum. The books address the following topics: the importance of a play-centered curriculum, problems and solutions related to children's transition from home or child care to school, how schools can teach respect and responsibility, and the theory and practice…

Gathered data on arcade use in adolescents (n=460). "Regular" arcade visitors varied sufficiently from the more "casual" visitors in their orientation to, and experience in, arcades. Regular visitors were more likely to score positively on indices screening for addiction. Raises questions about children's access to potentially…