Effective speakers often think about their audience as they organize and articulate ideas. This important link between speaker and listener should be supported in classrooms throughout the school year. Teachers can foster this development by motivating speakers to interact with others and by encouraging individuals to make inferences concerning…

A writing exchange project at Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College in Vermont, funded by Apple Education Foundation and McDonnell Douglas, examined what happened when high school students use word processors and a modem to write to distant audiences. In the first exchange, students interviewed each other in pairs and wrote short…

Critics contend American public television has failed to realize the potential envisioned by the Carnegie Commission on Educational Television. Using Ernest Bormann's theory of fantasy theme analysis as a framework to examine public TV reveals that American public television has been unable to develop a coherent rhetorical vision or a clear…

The desire for consistent judging criteria is essential to the learning process of forensics students. When evaluating the After Dinner Speaking (ADS) judges need to focus on a variety of criteria. Some of these criteria transcend event descriptions while others are indigenous primarily to ADS. The topic chosen for the event should demonstrate…

A study was conducted to determine the extent of television viewer interest in watching a 60-minute network evening newscast each weeknight. Data were collected through telephone interviews with 203 residents of a single county served primarily by New York City stations. Respondents reported their viewing of network nightly news programs, the…

While audience analysis is an important concept to be taught in any beginning speech class, seldom are students urged to view their classmates as an authentic audience and to consider their needs and interests in speech planning. The Dyadic Interview Activity is one that can help students apply the principles of audience analysis in planning their…

Examines several different media of communication to determine if the channel or the audience determines effectiveness. (RB)

Article discussed the producers of television messages, the encoding and decoding of those messages by viewers, and how television influences cultural factors. (RK)

The present study sought to determine how varying sequences of audience attentiveness-inattentiveness affect the following non-content features of speech behavior: speech disturbances, rate, vocabulary diversification, and filled pauses. (Author)

This study measured audience perceptions during the course of a prerecorded segment of the television series "Emergency" and compared audience responses with the occurrence of specific production variables: subject movement, camera movement, cutting rate, image size, and so on. Audience-response equipment, capable of recording ratings…

Since ancient times, the use of metaphor in rhetorical speeches has been a powerful tool for persuasive impact on audiences. Study of 84 important persuasive speeches, from classic to modern, reveals 52 metaphor types. Among these, 11 types account for 60% of all of the examples. These "archetypal" metaphors are used in speeches, not because of…

One of the most difficult problems facing scholars interested in conducting empirical research concerning the gratification that audience members seek or receive from the media is measurement of gratification itself. This paper outlines the strategies commonly used by researchers and describes some of the limitations of each. Particular attention…

This study attempts to determine which media-exposure models available today are the best. A survey of the literature of the last 20 years is used to provide the basis for assessment of the state of the art of media planning and to draw distinctions between the implicit, naive, subjective, and sophisticated media-exposure models. Discussion of the…

Traces the development of outdoor historical drama from 1937 through the present. Possible directions for future growth are noted. Available from: Theatre Crafts, 33 East Minor Street, Emmaus, Pa. 18049. Subscription Rates: $8.00 per year, $1.50 single copy, $1.50 additional Foreign. (MH)

Portion of author's doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California, 1967. Research performed under Grant No. OE 7-14-1490-293, Project No. 5-1731, Office of Education, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare.