The question of whether performance measures may be more accurate than examination methods to assess an individual's abilities and knowledge is examined, based on a literature review. An information processing view that focuses on the internal activities of thinking and the relationship to external stimuli is considered. Information processing…

This document is a compilation of the highlights of brief reports regarding the performance of Philadelphia prekindergarten graduates evaluated by the Early Childhood Evaluation Unit during 1981-1982. Part 1 provides highlights of later effects, i.e., the performance on citywide tests of graduates of four prekindergarten programs (Child Care, Get…

This paper describes the Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model (SEM), developed by psychologists to learn more about stability and change in self-definition. An initial section discusses the situational-motivational processes assumed necessary for individuals to maintain a positive self-evaluation, i.e., a reflection process and a comparison process.…

A theoretical framework is presented to investigate the interactions of certain motivational factors with test-wiseness. Test performance is a function of two independent elements: the cognitive learning in the classroom situation and the test-wiseness in the testing situation. These situations are associated with independent sets of affective…

This guide is one of nine activity books designed to support a comprehensive developmental guidance program model developed to aid school planners and guidance personnel in the improvement of existing programs or the implementation of new programs. The model materials focus on program planning, staff development, guidance curriculum, and activity…

This guide is one of nine activity books designed to support a comprehensive developmental guidance program model developed to aid school planners and guidance personnel in the improvement of existing programs or the implementation of new programs. The model materials focus on program planning, staff development, guidance curriculum, and activity…

This guide is one of nine activity books designed to support a comprehensive developmental guidance program model developed to aid school planners and guidance personnel in the improvement of existing programs or the implementation of new programs. The model materials focus on program planning, staff development, guidance curriculum, and activity…

This guide is one of nine activity books designed to support a comprehensive developmental guidance program model developed to aid school planners and guidance personnel in the improvement of existing programs or the implementation of new programs. The model materials focus on program planning, staff development, guidance curriculum, and activity…

This guide is one of nine activity books designed to support a comprehensive developmental guidance program model developed to aid school planners and guidance personnel in the improvement of existing programs or the implementation of new programs. The model materials focus on program planning, staff development, guidance curriculum, and activity…

Goal setting and contract grading are two instructional strategies that can provide individualized instruction within more traditional speech classroom settings. Individualized instruction focuses on the unique characteristics and needs of the learner, acknowledges that all students do not learn in the same way, meets the needs of the gifted…

The objectives and techniques of faculty evaluation are examined. It is suggested that the reasons for the evaluation process play a significant role in how such evaluations are perceived by all involved and how successful the process will be in reaching the objectives of the evaluation process. Four specific competencies that can be evaluated…

This publication is a collection of library public services policy statements, which were received in response to a survey of members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) in the fall of 1980, and additional recent statements. A concise summary of issues related to public services policies precedes the main body of the kit, in which 25…

Different aspects of human-machine interaction are discussed in the five brief papers that comprise this report. The first paper, "Some Observations on Mental Models," discusses the role of a person's mental model in the interaction with systems. The second paper, "A Psychologist Views Human Processing: Human Errors and Other…

This project attempted to replicate a 1981 study by Munro, Fehling, Blaise, and Towne, which found that instructional feedback for dynamic skill training is most effective when the student chooses when and if feedback is to be received. Using a simpler task, this study focused on an Air Intercept Controller Simulation program. The effectiveness of…

In developing understanding of social roles, preschool children proceed from an initial awareness of single behavioral categories to the ability to comprehend, first, simple relationships between categories, and second, complex systems of categories. At each developmental level, children show characteristic modes of distortion when faced with…