This concluding article aims to pull together the analysis undertaken in the preceding articles in this special issue. By sketching an overview of the university reforms and developments revealed in the sectoral articles, it draws out the trends of university restructuring in East Asia. It then projects the significances of these trends in terms…

Purpose: This paper aims to trace the evolution of two initiatives--the direct subsidy scheme and independent schools initiative--their genesis, rationale, current form and take-up rate. It also analyses them as education reforms in terms of policymaking dynamics. The very notion of the term "privatization" will be examined.…

Under the New Policy Agenda, international development institutions have promoted non-profit organizations (NPOs) in developing countries, on a dual logic: firstly, they deliver social services more efficiently than the state; secondly, they mitigate equity concerns around privatization of basic social services by reaching out to the poor. Based…

To what degree are nations "rewriting" citizenship by expanding discussions of human rights, diversity and cultural pluralism in modern civic education, and what explains variation between countries? This study addresses these issues by analysing the intended content of civic education in Costa Rica and Argentina. Over time, civic…

Since the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, public education has been high on the national agenda. The nation's need for human capital and the need to provide equality of educational opportunity to all children and youth without regard to their race, ethnicity, or social status are the two needs that then framed education…

The Sultanate of Oman recently investigated the viability of online teacher training through a joint project funded by the U.S. Middle East Partnership Initiative and the Oman Ministry of Education. One aspect of the project was to build sufficient capacity within the Ministry to enable Oman to produce online training in the future. This article…

In 1957, 12 years after the end of World War II, the Ministry of Education issued Circular 323 to promote the development of an element of "liberal studies" in courses offered by technical and further education (FE) colleges in England. This was perceived to be in some ways a peculiar or uncharacteristic development. However, it lasted…

A discussion of the considerations that professionals in educational media should make to have control of its direction in the future. (HB)

A transcript of an address to the National Association of Educational Broadcasters Conference in Las Vegas, November, 1974. (HB)

A not inconsiderable contribution to "education" came into being with the onset of the newspaper and magazine cartoon. (Editor)

This paper describes some of the most original and effective forms of non-systematic educational activity in Cuba. (Author)

A description of "video observation," a technique developed at Hebrew University, Israel. (HB)

Author discussed the concept "Defectology" and put forward for each type of handicap the appropriate educational provision based on practices which appeared to have had most success in European socialist countries and described the psychological and social assumptions lying behind them. (Editor/RK)

Most countries have national ministries or offices of education. This article examines alternative mechanisms developed in two countries which had no national governmental authorities in education. (Author)

Special problems of education in rural America are highlighted and some new problem-solving approaches within the capabilities of rural schools and communication technology are explored. (Author/HB)