Empirical and conceptual issues in the delineation of the construct of assertiveness can be viewed from the perspectives of social, personality, and clinical psychology. Results from a social psychological research program aimed at defining the nature and determinants of assertiveness suggest a need for replication to other subject populations,…

Areas of morale, health, perceived income adequacy, stress, interaction with family and friends, and attitude toward life in retirement, were examined to determine the existence, degree, and direction of sex differences among widowed persons. Survey data from 161 widowed respondents from a study of 1100 adults aged 50 or older were analyzed.…

High social anxiety subjects switched from assuming greater personal responsibility for success than for failure to assuming greater responsibility for failure than for success when told that their attributions would be scrutinized by others. Low social anxiety individuals did just the opposite. Additional studies of response among high and low…

THE PURPOSE WAS TO DRAW SOME RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POVERTY AND BEHAVIOR, SPECIFICALLY ANALYZING THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF INADEQUATE INCOME ON LOW-INCOME MOTHERS' CHILD-REARING PRIORITIES AND ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARENTS. LOW-INCOME MOTHERS SHOW CONSIDERABLE SATISFACTION WITH THE CHILD-REARING ROLE, BUT FEEL THEMSELVES LEAST ADEQUATE…

SOME CASES OF EMOTIONAL MALADJUSTMENT AND UNDERACHIEVEMENT HAVE BEEN A RESULT OF POOR STUDENT PLACEMENT WITH CERTAIN TYPES OF TEACHERS. IF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS COULD BE TESTED THROUGH THE USE OF A FLEXIBILITY-RIGIDITY SCORE, THEIR BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS COULD BE MATCHED AND THE CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT IMPROVED. FLEXIBILITY, IN A CLASSROOM…

THE VARIOUS KINDS OF TEACHER BEHAVIOR WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACHIEVEMENT OF CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF PERSONALITY AND LEVELS OF INTELLIGENCE, AND THE PREDICTORS OF THOSE TEACHER BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHILDREN WERE STUDIED. THE SAMPLE INCLUDED APPROXIMATELY 1,500 CHILDREN (GRADES 3 THROUGH…

SIX BASIC CONCEPTS ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO UNDERSTANDING LIFE STYLES. THEY ARE--(1) THE WIDE VARIATION AMONG THE MEMBERS OF OUR SOCIETY, READILY APPARENT BY VIEWING THE WIDE DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATION, SKILLS, VALUES, AND PHILOSOPHICAL BELIEFS OF THOSE MEMBERS, (2) CONSISTENCY WITHIN OUR SOCIETY, SUBSTANTIATED BY COMPARING BELIEFS AND…

DATA FROM 20 REPRESENTATIVE MICHIGAN SCHOOL DISTRICTS (FIVE INNOVATIVE AND FIVE NONINNOVATIVE WITH A HIGH-COST FACTOR AND FIVE INNOVATIVE AND FIVE NONINNOVATIVE WITH A LOW-COST FACTOR) WERE STUDIED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL SYSTEM INNOVATIVENESS AND ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIOR. QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES WERE RECEIVED FROM 109 OF 116…

A SYSTEMATIC METHOD WAS DEVELOPED TO BE USED BY SERVICE SCHOOL PERSONNEL IN PREPARING JOB-ORIENTED TRAINING OBJECTIVES FOR JUNIOR OFFICERS, PRIMARILY IN THE FORM OF BEHAVIORAL STATEMENTS OF PERFORMANCE EXPECTED AFTER TRAINING. THE PROCEDURES DEVELOPED WERE (1) LISTING ALL TASKS FOR A JOB, (2) SELECTING TASKS FOR SOME FORMAL TRAINING, (3)…

THE HUMOR PREFERENCES OF DICHOTOMIZED GROUPS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS (SPECIFICALLY, CONFORMISTS AND NONCONFORMISTS) WERE STUDIED TO DETERMINE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES AND TO ESTIMATE THE DEGREE OF RELIABILITY OF RESPONSES TO A HUMOR PREFERENCE INVENTORY. A TOTAL OF 111 MALE SOPHOMORE STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOL IDENTIFIED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE HOME ROOM…

Very little of the professional literature on suicide deals with suicide in jails, and virtually no references to juvenile suicide in adult jails exist. To determine if the rate of juvenile suicide in adult jails might be higher than that in secure juvenile detention centers, suicidal conduct was used as the indicator of the harmful effects of…

Although alcoholism is a focus of public concern and scientific interest, knowledge of the long-term patterns of alcohol abuse is only fragmentary. Subjects in a four-year followup study were alcoholics initially treated at special alcoholism treatment centers funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. These centers were…

Although stressful life change events are thought to influence the development of alcoholism and to enhance the probability of relapse after treatment, the actual coping responses to specific events among alcoholics remain largely unexplored. Efforts were made to operationalize and classify coping responses and to explore their relationship to…

A systems model is presented which combines critical incident research techniques and systems methodology to improve individual decision-making. The model: (1) revolves around a critical incident approach to understanding personal history of decision-making in several environments such as family, educational, and vocational; (2) utilizes the…

Kruglanski's endogenous-exogenous partition, when applied to reasons given by smokers for smoking cigarettes, distinguishes two types of actions: (1) endogenous reasons implying that the behavior of consuming the cigarette is the goal of the action and the actor is positive toward the behavior, and (2) exogenous reasons implying that the behavior…