In the Winter semester of 2020 during a multimedia design and production class for pre-service teachers, the students were introduced to basic computer coding concepts such as variables, conditional statements, various expressions, logic, and syntax. For their final project, the students were asked to create an interactive instructional app using…

"Free Agent Learning: Leveraging Students' Self-Directed Learning to Transform K-12 Education" explores an emerging cohort of students that are self-directing their learning around interest-driven topics, the tools they're using to scaffold these experiences, and their motivations for these out-of-school learning behaviors. Readers will…

This book provides an overview of affective individual variables that are considered relevant for second language learning and outlines a novel approach to researching them. In the first part of the book, the most prominent concepts and theories in connection with affective individual variables and tasks are discussed, followed by a literature…

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to accurately identify what motivates the English language learning of Palestinian refugee girls at Al-Hussain Prep School in Camp Jabal Al-Hussain, Amman, Jordan. This study also explores the formal and informal avenues by which the girls learn English, as well as the potential obstacles that…

The present qualitative study investigated the experiences of the English language learning of the Palestinian refugee girls, motivations, formal and informal avenues of learning English. The study discussed the support and the obstacles of learning at AlHussain Prep School in Camp Jabal Al-Hussain, Amman, Jordan. As illustrated in the literature…

Recent studies elaborating on the L2 learning experience component of the L2 Motivational Self System (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009), especially through a narrative identity perspective, mark a new direction in L2 motivation research. This paper extends this work by exploring the connection between the L2 learning experience and ideal L2 self components.…

As an emergent technology augmented reality (AR) demonstrated a plethora of advantages in foreign language education, promoting motivation, memorization of contents as well as contextualized learning. However, the majority of teachers are unfamiliar with AR, and their role as designers and facilitators requires further investigation. Moreover,…

We present an instructional approach to teaching causal inference using Bayesian networks and "do"-Calculus, which requires less prerequisite knowledge of statistics than existing approaches and can be consistently implemented in beginner to advanced levels courses. Moreover, this approach aims to address the central question in causal…

To unlock language proficiency among learners, speaking is regarded to be an essential and crucial aspect to master, not only for learning purposes but for recognized communication dynamics. Language learning has numerous critical aspects. To be lacking in speaking proficiencies has been noted to impart negatively toward language learning. This…

Directed motivational currents (DMCs) encapsulate a unique motivational phenomenon. DMCs are highly positive, potent motivational experiences which can carry individuals or groups forwards to achieving valued goals at both a remarkable rate, and with a perceived feeling of seemingly 'effortless effort'. Although research into DMCs began under a…

Introduction: In the past decades, studies have been conducted to explore the role of anxiety in the learning of Western languages such as English, French, and Spanish. However, when it comes to the predictive relationship between anxiety, motivation, attitude, and Chinese achievement, the findings are inconclusive. This study aims to test a model…

Mobile technology melds the mobile learner's authentic real and virtual worlds, enabling increasingly untethered personalized, learner-determined language learning opportunities. This article introduces an evidence-based framework founded upon cumulative findings from a number of the authors' recent and ongoing research projects. This framework…

Many school systems require students to pass one or more standardized examinations to graduate. This case study of three lower academic stream English classes in a single Ontario secondary school explored how the presence of a high-stakes standardized examination affected the enactment of the curriculum. Qualitative data were collected through a…

In this paper, the differences in academic motivation between university students of traditional (in-classroom) and online (distance) education were investigated. It has been hypothesized that online (distance) students possess stronger intrinsic motivation than traditional (in-classroom) students. The random sample consisted of 386 students.…

The blended learning material of gastrointestinal (GI) pharmacotherapy was noted by students as needed improvement. As pharmacology is the core component of pharmacotherapy, it was hypothesised that improved students engagement with online learning of GI pharmacology will engage and motivate students in the learning of GI pharmacotherapy.…