To examine relationships between masculinity-femininity, presence of same or opposite sex sibling, and accuracy of cross-sex role-taking, 92 male and female undergraduates classified the 20 items comprising Smith's Masculinity-Femininity Scale according the sex-role characteristics. (Author)

Female and male respondents (N=300) completed a questionnaire by listing characteristics people expected a masculine man, a feminine woman, a feminine man, and a masculine woman to have. Results supported the hypothesis that the stereotypes for femininity and masculinity are dimorphous. (Author)

Examined whether sex-role self-concept of parents was affected more by the presence of sons than of daughters in 153 parental dyads who had daughters only (N=41), sons only (N=41), or an equal number of sons and daughters (N=71). Results indicated that sex of child, especially sons, did appear to have an effect on parents' femininity. (Author/ABL)

Male and female college students described themselves and their ideal male and female with regard to sex-typed characteristics. Females described an androgynous model for themselves and their ideals. Males described an androgynous model for their self-portrayals but sex-typed portrayals for their ideals. (CMG)

Two studies investigated the influence of sex-role identification on the expectations of female college students (N=66) regarding marriage and divorce, and among divorced women (N=32) on their reasons for divorce. Among college students, masculinity was related to more positive expectations. For divorcees, the more masculine women adjusted more…

The author's clinical experience and her personal experience lead her to be concerned about another kind of woman, one who is unable to integrate the traditional ideals of womanhood with the expanded experience and opportunities of modern woman. (Author)

Explores stereotypic thinking in relation to sex differences in personality. The 14 scales of Edwards Personality Inventory IA administered to 398 college student judges predict answer most men (women) would give. Results discussed. (Author/EK)

Occupations (N=60) were rated for degree of masculinity and femininity on rating scales: bipolar, unipolar and percent of each sex in an occupation scale. Concluded that, since personality inventory measures of masculinity and femininity are not unidimensional, rating scale approaches to measuring masculinity and femininity may give misleading…

Sex role identity and self-esteem were examined in a cross sectional sample. Both men and women displayed peak masculinity scores in the middle years of adulthood. Psychologically "androgynous" individuals displayed the highest levels of self-esteem. Masculinity was a better predictor of self-esteem than was femininity. (Author)

Investigates the relationships among sexual satisfaction, femininity, and feminism in women. Data were collected via questionnaires completed by 199 couples. A positive association was found between sexual satisfaction and feminism. There was no significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and femininity. (Author)

Explored ways in which gender influenced students' choices in classroom writing, using data from students' writing, small group conversations, classroom observations, and teacher interviews. Generally, students attempted to maintain a widely recognized gender order in their talk about girls' and boys' writing. Students' writing choices were…

Draws on a longitudinal study of middle class and working class girls growing up to examine those few working class girls who managed to get to the university and face the prospect of a professional career. Explores the complexities of the losses and gains involved in the educational success and upward mobility for working-class young women and…

Reviews theoretical and empirical literature on androgyny in adolescence. Contrasts the traditional bipolar view of sex roles and more recent models of sex role development. Reviews the research literature on the relation between sex role orientation and psychosocial well-being in adolescence. (Author/JS)

Examined women's agreement with double standard of aging. Women (N=32) aged 28 to 63 shared definitions of attractiveness, femininity, and sexual appeal. Findings showed attractiveness was defined primarily by appearance, femininity by behavior and inferred traits, and sexual appeal by both. Found age differences among married women, but few age…

Schoolwork has been gender-differentiated and stratified since the early 1800s. Just as teaching has been feminized, the administrative realm became masculinized. Male educators moving into administration found other males by rising above women's sphere (teaching) and associating laterally with men in business, government, and other organizations.…