Relates the procedures and findings of a study of minimum competency programs (MCPs) in four Ohio school districts, focusing on: (1) operational definitions of MCPs; (2) the effects of MCPs on student achievement; and (3) the usefulness of the evaluation model used in the study for local evaluations. (AYC)

Evaluation utilization/use is discussed with the concept of user rationality (including examples where the rational use of evaluation results may be unclear or may be nonuse). A current project focuses on studying the process of evaluation information use and on validating a theory of use. (Author/LC)

Teachers and researchers collaborating to implement and evaluate a pilot programme seems straightforward enough. However, unless appropriate steps are taken early to select appropriate staff and encourage shared definitions of the project's purpose, differences in understanding, as well as different priorities, values, and allegiances may…

The theoretical and practical implications of viewing difficult temperament as a characteristic of the individual rather than as a social perception are discussed, with an emphasis on an interactionist view of developmental process. (Author/MP)

The meaning of "civil rights" is discussed by various American authors and poets, including Alice Walker, Arthur Miller, Nocholasa Mohr, Felipe de Ortega y Gasco, Laura Z. Hobson, Simon J. Ortiz, Raymond Barrio, John Rechy, and Vine Deloria, Jr. (MJL)

Explores the concept of computer literacy: in comparison with the early history of written literacy and in relation to what contemporary practitioners--users from education and industry--report about their computing experiences. Discusses implications for education and society. (PD)

Defining "rural" has preoccupied rural sociologists. Two constituents of rural are suggested: "capitalist space" in the form of uneven regional development and the "mode of primary production" (including the occupational category), which is distinguished by its direct interaction with the natural environment.…

Defines marketing and discusses the eight steps of the marketing process. Emphasizes the necessity of having one individual or committee responsible for coordinating marketing functions. Notes that marketing's success depends on its acceptance by all levels of the institution. Lists the benefits of implementing marketing in a community college.…

Judicial interference with National Labor Relations Board decision making by the Supreme Court is reviewed. The merits of the Yeshiva decision and the particular significance of the Court's interference with the National Labor Relations Board definition of "managerial" are assessed. (AVAIL: University of Akron School of Law, Akron, Ohio…

Hundreds of words and phrases that are employed every day are not to be found in even the fullest dictionaries. This omission will be corrected by the Dictionary of American Regional English, which has collected daily speech of Americans, particularly regional colloquialisms. (MLW)

Defining research as systematic, self-critical inquiry open to public criticism and/or empirical test, the author considers the relevance of scientific, historical, and educational research to practice. He asserts that teachers must be involved in educational research and that researchers must justify themselves to practitioners, not practitioners…

Defines citizenship and citizenship education, stresses the importance of citizenship education in the social studies classroom, and presents checklists of citizenship competencies and assessment criteria. (DB)

A summary and a critique of citizenship education that defines it as education for decision making within a democratic society. Ethical and epistemological aspects of the fundamental assumptions are clarified. (Author/MLF)

"Mental work" recorded in primary mathematics classes as part of the Classroom Interaction Process is not a simple, single activity of drill or quiz but a set of overlapping activities with different functions. A more analytical approach to mental work is advocated to enhance its usefulness as a classroom activity. (Author/SJL)

This article presents a brief definition and overview of Essentialism, an educational philosophy developed in opposition to Dewey's Progressivism and calling for discipline and academic standards in the schools. A chronologically arranged reading list of books by leading Essentialists follows. (Author/SJL)