In physical education and exercise science, it is common to examine mean differences between groups or to assess change across time. However, before group differences or change can be confidently examined, measurement invariance can be tested. Measurement invariance tests the equivalence of a construct across groups or across time. If measurement…

This research aims to develop the product of the life skill education program (LSEP) which is accurate, credible, and effective. This research used the Plomp model. The model covers the input, process, output, outcome and consists of instrument, scoring guidance, and good or bad criteria. The instruments used in the model are the questionnaire,…

Alarmed by his students' random use of causal language in their essays, James Edward Carroll resolved to help his students improve their understanding of causal processes. Carroll decided to introduce his students to the metaphors that historians use to describe causation in the historiography of the Salem witch trials. By modelling how historians…

We developed a six-step iterative process for developing and evaluating a model of implementation fidelity appropriate for use in an instructionally embedded assessment system. Our work explicitly connects the literature on theories of actions for assessment systems with the implementation fidelity literature originating from the program…

If the Australian government is going to reach its target of 40% of 25-34-year-olds attaining a bachelor degree by 2025, it is critical that enabling courses are properly situated to bridge the gap between the alarmingly low numeracy of the adult population, and the mathematical or quantitative literacy (QL) required for undergraduate study. Yet,…

From an early age, children show a keen interest in discovering the causal structure of the world around them. Given how fundamental causal information is to scientific inquiry and knowledge, this early emerging "causal stance" might be important in propelling the development of scientific literacy. However, currently little is known…

The purpose of this article was to reemphasize the importance of evidence-based instruction models, specifically the hybrid model called the Sport Education Tactical Games Model (SETGM). In addition to rehashing the importance of models-based approaches for student learning and motivation, we apply the approach by laying out the building blocks…

The goodness-of-fit model, which proposes that developmental outcomes result from combinations of environmental and children's factors, has contributed substantially to the recognition of person × environment processes. However, which pattern of person × environment interactions characterizes this model remains unclear, making it difficult to test…

Past research has demonstrated that the reasons underlying students' decisions to engage in academic tasks (i.e., achievement goals) are associated with the experience of test anxiety. Empirical investigations focused on the association between achievement goals and test anxiety have historically been guided by the dichotomous, trichotomous, and…

The conjoint-recognition model (CRM) implements fuzzy-trace theory's opponent process conception of false memory. Within the family of measurement models that separate the memory effects of recollection and familiarity, CRM is the only one that accomplishes this for false as well as true memory. We assembled a corpus of 537 sets of…

The role of German cooperation as a key force behind the worldwide dissemination of dual training is well-established within the specialized literature. The multilayered and fragmented nature of the German cooperation landscape suggests that German efforts in this area follow a complex and evolving interplay of motivations--yet the rationales…

The article aims to outline the proposals for linking school effectiveness research and school improvement that are currently relevant in international discussion and to ask how they deal with the 'technology deficit' at the level of model improvement. We will first show the difference between school improvement and school effectiveness. Then, we…

Developing effective models for teacher preparation is an ongoing challenge for teacher educators. Such models require meticulous attention to both content and pedagogy and to the way these components manifest a professional vision, with an understanding that a programme's content and pedagogy not only shape an image of the ideal teacher but are…

Purpose: The purpose of this study is, First, to leverage the limitation of annotated data and to identify the cognitive level of learning objectives efficiently, this study adopts transfer learning by using word2vec and a bidirectional gated recurrent units (GRU) that can fully take into account the context and improves the classification of the…

This article describes the use of service-learning--with a focus on civic engagement, academic performance, and personal growth- using a mock organization. This format of service -learning is utilized in an undergraduate macro-level practice social work course. This article describes the application of the mock organization and provides insight…