Late-career workers (ages 50-65) were more likely to participate in credentialing programs, targeted job-related courses, and on-the-job computer training than younger adults and received similar employer support. However, participation might be a consequence of support received. Human capital investment thus is more complex than conventional…

A telephone survey of 1,498 workers analyzed job mobility rates through 3 models: reward-resource, limited opportunity, and vacancy competition. It was found that (1) education increases job mobility; (2) gender and race affect mobility channels rather than mobility rates; and (3) dualistic accounts of labor market structures tend to conflate…

Examines the connections among service employment, occupational structure, and distribution of earnings in the 130 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. Concludes that service sector employment increases earnings inequality for men and women through disparities created by high and low earners, respectively. Contains 61 references. (SV)

Compares the socioeconomic characteristics of dislocated farm households in North Dakota with working farm households. Finds no significant difference between operating methods of displaced farmers and those currently in business. Suggests researchers shift their attention to macrolevel variables to characterize displaced farmers. (Author/TES)

Surveys of 900 manufacturers in Hungary and Bulgaria show that transition to a market economy is (1) marginalizing women, affected by segregation, layoff risk, and discrimination; (2) diminishing labor market role of older workers; and (3) increasing difficulties faced by youth seeking employment, whose skills do not match new employment needs.…

Involuntary part-time workers (those who would prefer full-time jobs) account for most of the growth in part-time work since 1970. This increase appears to stem from employer demand for a low-wage, low-skill, flexible work force. (SK)

Examination of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found that a woman's wages relate positively to early return to work after childbirth; higher family income delays return; income did not affect child care choice; greater child care tax credits increased early return; and tax credits did not affect child care choice, but predicted…

The Mexican Farm Labor Program brought in an unprecedented number of Mexican workers to perform harvesting jobs in U.S. agriculture between 1942 and 1964. A political economy perspective is used to examine the process by which U.S. agriculture has come to depend on Mexican workers.

Theory and experience indicate that authoritarian management causes reduced labor productivity and increased worker dissatisfaction. Nonetheless, management defends its presumed functional superiority, and unions will not press for shared authority for fear of undermining their present position. (Author/JG)

The authors, realizing the importance of continuous organizational reappraisal of manpower needs and strengths, have developed a model based on supply of management manpower and demand for management manpower. Without a manpower forecasting/planning program, the future needs of the organization are reduced to guesswork. (EA)

Geographic location affects pay rates without regard to cost-of-living and inflation factors. Geographic differentials are analyzed, and a table of references for 140 areas in the United States is provided. (MW)

The symposium studied such current questions as the impact of the changing composition of the labor force on traditional working-class politics and the effects of anti-inflationary economic policies on the stability of party-union alliances. (MW)

The study focuses on the 16 industrial unions joined together in the German Trade Union Confederation and their relations at the national level to the two major parties of the Federal Republic. Historical background and current socioeconomic issues and problems are topics discussed. (MW)