As classroom managers, teachers have at their disposal five power bases categorized by French and Raven as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert power, all of which are dependent on student perceptions. Teachers have a responsibility to understand, and then selectively apply, each power base. (Author/MT)

Options in management style from corporate administration literature available to educational institutions include the choices of Theory X vs. Theory Y, the managerial vs. academic grid, management by objectives, autocratic vs. bureaucratic vs. participative vs. free-rein leadership styles, situational leadership, presidential role, leadership…

Surveys of faculty perceptions of the effectiveness of department heads indicate that leadership styles affect perceptions of effectiveness. Two elements of leadership style, "initiating structure" and "consideration", relate strongly to faculty evaluations, with implications for the recruitment, selection, and professional development of…

A recent study indicates that the superintendent's personal involvement in principal supervision and evaluation, including frequent school visits, can be a key ingredient in school effectiveness. (MCG)

Reports on an experiment that analyzed the effects of gender and leadership style on subordinate satisfaction. While subjects were more satisfied in democratically led groups, gender of leader did not significantly affect satisfaction. Female subordinates were more dissatisfied than males in autocratically led groups. (KH)

Investigated effects of ascendancy and perceived locus of control on reactions to participative and manipulative leadership among college males, using Guilford-Zimmerman ascendancy scores and Rotter Internal-External scale scores. Results indicated that the two personality measures were associated with different reactions to the two styles of…

A study of 42 successful principals with diverse approaches reveals that success depends on connecting routine activities to an overarching vision of school aims. A heuristic model facilitates visualizing the principal's role, operational context, and goals. (TE)

Discusses the changing role of Chicano educators in educational leadership and examines three different models of educational leadership that have been or can be used by Chicanos. Available from the Consortium for Educational Leadership, 5801 South Kenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637. (JG)

A Deputy Headteacher Role Definition Instrument was employed to discover the conceptions of primary school heads and deputy heads in regard to the allocation of certain school leadership functions: instrumental leadership, expressive leadership, and administration. (Author)

This is one of the most important books on school leadership because it incorporates so much research evidence from the work of the two authors themselves, and such a perceptive and intelligent understanding of the research of others. It provides an opportunity for two of the senior researchers in the field over the last 20 years to reflect on…

Leadership is situational and cannot be predicted or necessarily taught. This book is the distillation of ideas and practices derived from interviews with some of education's top leaders. Chapter 1, "Forming Beliefs," makes the point that teachers and administrators must carefully learn about excellence and then find the elements of excellence…

This report describes some of the new demands on school leaders and identifies what schools, districts, states, and the federal government can do to strengthen the ability of principals and other educators to become instructional leaders. It begins by offering different definitions of instructional leadership and describing standards that provide…

The dominant leadership style is defined by the situation and the kind of organizational environment and climate. This, however, does not sufficiently define the leadership qualities in school organizations. There are other factors which also determine the dominant leadership style, which are the traits and style, teachers commitments, pass out…

Feminist perspectives provide a basis for examining the nature of participation in outdoor experiences, the goals of outdoor leadership, and the meanings associated with the outdoors. Feminism is concerned with the correction of both the invisibility and distortion of female experience in ways relevant to social change and removal of social…

Organizations are self-organizing living systems and therefore capable of doing for themselves much of what managers have always tried to do for them. The role of the leader in organizations should be one of helping the organization develop a clear sense of its own identity, since that is the reference point around which self-organizing takes…