Discusses a study that found that marital adjustment was positively related to both spouse's reported self-disclosure of feelings and to self's reported perception of affective disclosure. Also found that one's perception of differences between self and other in the disclosure of love was inversely related to one's marital adjustment. (JOW)

Shows that the heart rate acceleration of 16 infants ranging in age from 8 to 16 months consistently began well before the onset of crying. This suggests that heart rate acceleration is not merely a by-product of crying but that it is associated with negative affect. (JMB)

In this longitudinal study a close association between affective expression and cognitive development was demonstrated. (SB)

Compassion fatigue, or secondary traumatic stress response, describes the reaction of counselors, teachers, and others who work with trauma survivors. They may experience stress or restimulation of their own traumatic experiences. Cognitive and behavioral techniques focused on prevention and intervention can help them cope. (SK)

Discusses the relationship between play and creativity and reviews research studies that suggest that play does facilitate creativity and studies that have found relations between affective processes in play and creativity. Outlines directions for future research into play and creativity. (SLD)

In two classes of 8 year olds and 2 classes of 11 year olds, each child ranked all members of his or her class in terms of degree to which classmate was strong and liked. Subjects consistently overestimated their place in the hierarchy in relation to peers' perceptions. Bias in perceptions of strength extended to peer group. (RH)

Examined the function and effectiveness of certain behaviors in regulating negative arousal in infants who participated in an arm restraint procedure at age 5 months and a toy removal task at age 10 months. Results showed that comforting behaviors were preferred at both 5 and 10 months of age. (MDM)

In two studies, infants saw happy and angry expressions on a face or a dot display of a face and heard either a happy or angry vocalization. Except for infants who saw the dot display face in Study 1, infants looked more at the face which coincided with the vocal expression. (BC)

The behavioral and cortisol responses of Japanese and Caucasian American infants, four months of age, were observed during and following routine inoculation. The Caucasian American group showed a more intense initial affective response and a longer latency to quiet than the Japanese group; the Japanese group showed a greater cortisol response than…

The goal of this investigation was to study the regulatory retention effects of an adult's emotional displays on infant behavior. In Study 1, 11- and 14-month-old infants were tested in a social-referencing-like paradigm in which a 1-hr delay was imposed between the exposure trials and the test trial. In Study 2, 11-month-olds were tested in the…

This article critically reviews the literature that examines the anxiety phenomenon in the field of second/foreign language learning. A major theme that runs through this review is how anxiety comes into play in second/foreign language learning, and whether it is a central construct or only an add-on element that is negligible. Anxiety is defined…

This study investigated associations between mother-infant interactions and children's subsequent understanding of mind and emotion. Mothers' tendency to comment on their infants' internal world and their general sensitivity to their infants' internal states were measured through coded play interactions at 10 months. The latter measurement…

Since the earliest descriptions of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) abnormalities in affective behaviours have been considered a prominent feature in their clinical manifestations. What remains unclear, however, is whether these altered emotional behaviours are a mere facet of abnormalities in socio-cognitive processes or whether…

This article reviews research conducted on social comparison processes in the classroom since Festinger proposed his theory of social comparison. It covers the theoretical framework of social comparison theory, and it is organized around the following themes: motives for social comparison, dimensions of social comparison, direction of social…

Learning is an act of hope. Although adults enter learning experiences from many frames of emotion and cognitive beliefs, each views this experience as the purposeful choice for a new and different future, a future of hope and possibilities. For adult learners, the pursuit of higher education is a choice and a life-changing engagement. Given the…