Four interim progress reports describe various aspects of the Aural Study Systems for the Visually Handicapped research project, designed to explore processes involved in aural learning by the blind and to develop an entire system of study using recorded texts. Prior to development of hardware and specifications for software for such a system, a…

Because the author believes that one learns more through sight than through language and learns it more quickly and comprehensively, he feels that television is the most likely medium to revolutionize the process of education. He explores the possibilities of creating a visual culture via television, basing his proposals on an examination of the…

Students watching instructional television become visually oriented to the material presented, learning it by visual rather than verbal association. Yet most tests given to determine student comprehension are verbal. To resolve this inconsistency, the author proposes visual testing, a procedure which he explains and whose usefulness he illustrates…

Man's phylogenetic development has resulted in a potential for environmental interaction in a symbolic and conceptual manner. There are ontogenetic requirements to develop such potential. The process by which man learns is sequential and involves perceptual-motor-cognitive abilities. There is an optimum respectivity period at each developmental…

The purpose of this study was to investigate both the relationship between verbalization and shift-learning and the possible prepotent stimulus dimensions of the eighty-four 7-year-olds used as subjects. Four pairs of two-dimensional stimuli were presented to the children, for the discrimination learning task, in the following order: large black,…

One of the essential differences between teaching a first and a second language is that the former is merely learned whereas the latter must usually be taught. This difference, while not absolute, still has enormous consequences. Although the "natural method" of second-language teaching is often championed, there is no way whereby the…

In this report of a project on curriculum planning, a new language is developed for analyzing and describing "the curricular-instructional subsystem." Some of the data come from the author's experiences in planning and directing the Experimental Freshman-Year Program (EFP) at San Francisco State College, but most were collected at the…

Models for planned changes in schools are presented in this document and are aimed at increasing student achievement and satisfaction. Following a brief introduction which highlights a challenge for effective change and some suggested procedures for implementing the models, each model is presented in detail. The four models are: (1) The School…

The essential purpose of the five papers compiled in this report is to summarize, analyze, and interpret recent tendencies in educational theory and practice and their implications for "the heart of the educational process," i.e., the curriculum. The papers focus on general strategies or methodologies of instruction, rather than specific subject…

Two separate subject matter areas, which were felt to represent two distinct types of learning situations, were selected for investigation, namely, a kind of logico-mathematical procedure--the transportation technique, and a visual form discrimination task--aircraft recognition. Two separate courses were developed for each subject matter area. One…

The research described in this paper is concerned with conceptual learning in disadvantaged children. The various studies discussed were concerned with the current learning capacity of the subjects. The tasks presented consisted of inductive concept problems. Subjects were provided with various experiences and the effects of these procedures on…

The contribution that educational psychologists can make to the improvement of the assessment of educational effects are discussed. Examined are ways in which current psychological knowledge, particularly psychometrics and learning theory, is relevant to: the selection of appropriate criterion measures, the measurement of educational processes,…

The effects of arousal on literal and inferential comprehension of text over short- and long-term retention intervals were studied using 369 elementary school children. Putative arousal manipulations were of two types: expectation and deviations from expectation as established by an advance organizer followed by text that for different…

Three aspects of concept teaching might be guided by the conceptual learning and development model. First, by assessing the characteristics of cognitive style, classificatory skills, and logical reasoning ability, the student's readiness to attain concepts under various circumstances can be determined. Secondly, the model points to optimal methods…

Considered are optimal conditions for learning in the child care center serving preschool children. Discussed as aspects of learning based on real life experiences are provision for a rich environment, opportunities for learning about the world and space, learning one's way around, and learning about measuring numbers, time, days and seasons,…