In response to comments on his nationwide study of public mental retardation/developmental disabilities spending in the states, the author considers classification of funds (income maintenance, large private facilities and prisons, nursing homes, and education/vocational rehabilitation), values, determinants, civil rights, and reform. (DB)

Discusses how operant conditioning has not brought instructional designers any closer to using feedback effectively in computer assisted instruction they design, defines and describes types of feedback, presents guidelines for effective feedback use, and suggests use of templates to bring instructional design to a sophisticated level of…

Reported an experiment on the effects of taxonomic organization on 7- and 11-year-olds' free and cued recall of two- and four-category lists. Analysis used a stages-of-learning model that simultaneously delivered estimates of the impact of these manipulations on storage and retrieval components of recall. (Author/CB)

Discusses the diversity of names used for various types of polymeric materials. Concentrates on the naming of linear organic polymers. Delineates these polymers by discussing common names, source-based names, characteristic group names, and structure-based names. Introduces the specifications of tacticity and geometric isomerism. (TW)

Discusses the need for formal bibliographic policies in all libraries, and suggests that such policies should encompass standardization of bibliographic products, compatibility with bibliographic utility standards, determination of users' needs, cataloging of nonprint media, subject cataloging, and shelving practices. (CLB)

Proposes a framework for analyzing the relationships between social structure, patterns of artistic consumption and production, and the classification of artistic genres. Societies' artistic classification systems vary along four dimensions: differentiation, hierarchy, universality, and boundary strength. These are affected by social structure…

Literature on sociometric assessment with preschoolers is reviewed, along with research with kindergartners and elementary school students. It is concluded that sociometric status can be reliably measured in preschoolers, although some research indicates that rating scales can be more reliable for use with young children than nomination scales.…

Describes the design and purpose of a new register of European engineers and technicians. Lists standards for the title European Engineer. Discusses monitoring and the review of standards and engineers applying for registration. (CW)

Evaluates U.S. intervention in neighboring countries, classifying actions according to an eightfold taxonomy: acquisition of continental territory, acquisition of overseas territory, establishment of protectorates, acquisition of transit rights to the Pacific, establishment of custom receiverships, protection of U.S. citizens and property,…

The study was created of a typology of low-literate adults based on deterrents to participation in adult basic education. Deterrent information obtained from 160 low-literate adult students was used as the database for the research. Six types of low-literate adults were identified. The typology provides a basis for program development to meet the…

Asked 118 blue-collar employees to indicate whether they perceived class-based stratified structure, to rate themselves on standard class scale, and to assess correspondence between their class identification and six socioeconomic items. Economic items explained about 20 percent of class identification, and three were stable: income, influence on…

The review provides a classification of learning disorders; current views on possible physical and chemical factors contributing to such disorders; neurodevelopmental requirements for learning to read, write, and spell; and a method for assessing neurodevelopment. Also noted are indications for the use of medication. (Author/DB)

Examines the use of different terms in chemistry. Addresses the use of imprecise, uninformative, inappropriate, and wrong terms, as well as the lack of clarity in imprecise or uninformative names for methods of chemical analysis. Provides lists of examples of both types of terminology problems. (TW)

Evaluates some possible reasons for the occurrence and eventual correction of children's naming errors in an experiment in which two-, four-, and six-year-olds learned two artificial object names in succession. (HOD)

Describes two studies that demonstrate young children's perception of color materials differs from that of adults in two ways: (1) the stimulus dimensions of hue, chroma, and value appear to result in somewhat more separable perception for young children than for adults, and (2) the perceived similarities the color materials are not the same for…