Describes observer-based technique for assessing auditory capacities of infants from three to 12 months of age. This technique, referred to as the Observation-based Psychoacoustic Procedure (OPP), combines features of the Forced-choice Preferential Looking Technique and of the Visual Reinforcement Audiometry. Pure-tone detection and frequency…

Reviews the development of the Life Role Salience Scales (LRSS), which were designed to assess men's and women's personal expectations concerning occupational, marital, parental, and home care roles. Results indicate that the instrument has eight clearly defined scales demonstrating adequate convergent and discriminant validity and reliability.…

Examines effect of sex of rater on the interaction and degree of consensus obtained in ratings of child behavior. Children between the ages of 6 and 13 in a residential treatment center were rated on two rating scales. Explanations of results are offered in terms of sex role expectations and stereotyping. (Author/DST)

The author states that home economists interested in the prevention of family problems can collaborate with practitioners who plan and implement marriage preparation programs. She says that home economists have the potential to assist marriage preparation practitioners in needs assessment, the setting of objectives for programs, and devising…

A study of undergraduates at the Pennsylvania State University reveals pluralistic ignorance of parent-youth conflict. Students viewed others as experiencing a greater amount of conflict than existed within their own families. Therefore, friction may be less than is believed and adolescence may not be as rebellious a phase as is generally thought.…

Examines the influence of perceived parental expectations on Chinese children's school performance in mathematics. (HOD)

Discusses a study which sought to determine the effects of gender on test scores from participants of a week-long environmental camp. An analysis of three years of data of student attitudes, knowledge, expectations, and perceptions indicated that females were lower on knowledge pre-tests but made greater gains between knowledge tests. (ML)

Describes a model student-organized awareness week concerning teen pregnancy. The stated goal of the week was to create awareness of the increasing number of teen pregnancies and the impact of a child on a teen's life. (CH)

The theory of information integration was used to predict that in first impression situations, clothing/physical appearance cues have differential importance depending upon the type of judgment elicited. Female college students (N=104) viewed and responded to slides of colored line drawings of female stimulus persons. Multiple regression of data…

Studied the effects of general referral information about a client on subsequent clinical inferences. Nursing students (N=54) were randomly assigned to "referral information" or "no referral information" conditions before being presented with additional data. Clinical inferential tasks included the assessment of maladjustment, client stress,…

Women in different phases of the menstrual cycle were compared to men in their responses to a social interaction stimulus: a videotape depicting a female nurse interacting with a hospitalized patient. Sex differences and cycle-phase differences were found for both affective and cognitive dimensions. Premenstrual women differed from other women,…

Studies five-year-olds' relative number judgements of small and large number displays with and without perceptual aids. Children were found to respond to local rather than global density differences and to benefit from the provision of perceptual aids on both small and large number displays. (Author/AS)

Deans and department chairs can help faculty members experiencing conflicting expectations cope with role ambiguities about research and teaching, encourage communication among faculty in diverse scholarly fields, and help students place faculty research activities in perspective. (Author/MSE)

To assess client expectations and evaluations of self-involving statements, subjects read transcripts of a counseling session in which the counselor used either positive or negative statements. Subjects rated counselors using positive self-involving statements as more expert, attractive, trustworthy, and appropriate, and they expressed a greater…

Investigates whether 7- and 10-year-old children and adults are sensitive to their own and another listener's failure to understand literal and nonliteral (sarcastic) uses of utterances. (HOD)