Argues that concepts of the elementary school principalship as essentially a role couched in the vagaries of administrative and instructional leadership seems to be questionable under the scrutiny of research. (RJ)

Presents capsule case studies which depict varied and specific functions. Stresses that each school situation offers unique opportunities for special programs and services. (CJ)

This is a revision of a paper read at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, August 28-31, 1967. Support from the Graduate Committee on Research of Northwestern University.

Indicates that 18- to 20-month-old infants can detect the correspondence between auditorially and visually perceived speech; that is, they manifest some of the components related to lip-reading phenomena in adults. This demonstration of the bimodal perception of speech in infancy has important implications for social, cognitive, and linguistic…

Presents a macro, integrative theory of leadership. Emphasizes the role of the leader in assessing the deficiencies in the follower's abilities, motivation, role perception or environmental conditions and in taking action to alleviate deficiencies. Determinants of leader behavior and environmental influence are also central to the theory. (Author)

Investigated the relationship of shyness in children (N=103) to the constricted flexible dimension of cognitive control. Findings showed a significant difference in performance of the shy and nonshy group on the Stroop Color-Word Test. The shy group was less effective in maintaining performance in the presence of interfering stimuli. (JAC)

Deals with (1) developmental changes in children's concepts of difficulty and ability and (2) individual differences within different developmental levels. Three levels of understanding of ability and difficulty are proposed, and cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence of progressive development through the stages is presented. (Author/RH)