This study sought to determine whether an individual learns relatively better from pictures than from words and whether such information can be applied to the learning of prose materials. A paired-associate learning task consisting of both pictorial and verbal items from which different types of learners could be reliably identified was developed.…

Evaluated were variables effecting the differential performance of 627 educable mentally retarded Ss (mean age 14.5 years) on a test-train-retest task designed to measure learning potential. Family, social, health, schooling, and testing data were collected for the Ss of which 75% were students in public school special classes and 25% were…

This study investigated developmental changes in memory performance for two contrasting populations in Urban and Rural Yucatan, Mexico. Subjects were divided into five groups defined by age, including children and adults. All urban S's were in school, while only the two younger rural groups were in school, and older rural S's had little or no…

Reported is a study of the effect of aural versus verbal mode of presentation of tasks compared with respect to their effect on the degree of lateral transfer. Three tasks each requiring the derivation of a general rule describing a multiplicative relationship were selected. Pretesting on the final task and two transfer tasks using tasks presented…

Reported is a study which formed part of the development of a conceptually oriented curriculum in elementary science. A new approach to the introduction of concepts of energy was presented at the second grade level (three second-grade classrooms). A sequence of five lessons, in audiotutorial format, covering energy concepts selected, were…

The primary thrust of this book is the presentation of two divergent models of man, the explicit and implicit philosophical assumptions which characterize each view, the conditions of learning compatible with each model, and the educational implications of each position. An introductory section considers the two models of man--the phenomenological…

Visual fixation on one of two blank targets was reinforced with either visual or auditory stimuli in one of 3 intensity sequences: (1) low, medium, high; (2) medium, high, low; and (3) high, low, medium. An analysis of variance of learning scores for the 48 14-week-old infants resulted in a significant interaction of intensity and order and in a…

Reported is a study to examine the effects of instructional procedures on acquisition and retention of cognitive learnings. Two methods were compared: (1) teacher demonstration (students observed all science activities) and (2) student laboratory (individually or in small groups, helped plan and then carried out science activities). The Taxonomy…

Reported is a preliminary effort at the development of a lesson-writing paradigm. Changes in the verbal behavior of seventh-grade pupils during their study of the first eight chapters of Volume 1 of the Intermediate Science Curriculum Study (ISCS, 1968) were related to the frequency of occurrence of the concept words in the instructional material.…

Limited evidence suggests that different kinds of inserted questions may be differentially effective in promoting learning from text. In this experiment one of four groups had inserted knowledge-level questions and a second group, comprehension questions. It was argued here that: (1) in previous adjunct-question research, treatment groups have…

This study compared the effectiveness of a training procedure involving groups of elementary school students to an individualized training procedure, both of which utilized the Raven Learning Potential (LP) measure to assess improved performance. The development of a group training procedure using the Raven Progressive Matrices aimed at an…

The school furniture of tomorrow will be formed and shaped by design analysis of the learning process rather than by a discipline or maintenance function design. Three of the most significant characteristics of future school furniture will be multiple use, flexibility, and mobility. An interior componentized system will provide spaces for work and…

Retroactive interference (RI) in prose learning was investigated in an experiment where passages were constructed on the basis of a predetermined logical structure. This structure made it possible to operationally define similarity and assess the effects of RI for inferential information as well as that stated directly in the original passage.…

The principal objective of this study was to develop a classification system for the elements of student and teacher evaluative dialogue which would account for (1) the content area--task centered versus peripheral, and open versus closed; (2) psychological tone--accepting versus rejecting, and neutral versus judging; (3) possibility for…

Very little has been reported in the literature as to how a child actually learns, but what is known can be put to more effective use in teaching the child to read. The brain has at least five input systems: sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. The first of these senses is employed more than the others in reading; however, it is believed that…